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211.
Jean E. Rhodes Josefina M. Contreras Sarah C. Mangelsdorf 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(2):211-227
Investigated the antecedents, effects, and underlying characteristics of natural mentor relationships in a sample of 54 inner-city,
Latina adolescent mothers. Women with mentors reported significantly lower levels of depression and anxiety than those without
mentors despite similar levels of stress exposure and overall support resources. Young women with natural mentors were also
more satisfied with their support resources and appeared better able to cope effectively with relationship problems. Finally,
women with mentors recalled their childhood relationships with their mothers as more accepting. Mentor relationships appear
to enhance young women's capacity to benefit from their support resources and offset the effects of relationship problems.
Implications for future research and intervention strategies are discussed.
This study was conducted while Josefina Contreras was supported by a training grant from the National Institute of Child Health
and Human Development which was awarded to the Psychology Department of the University of Illinois. Assistance was also provided
by grants from the W. T. Grant Foundation, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the Office of
Research on Women's Health to Jean Rhodes, and the University of Illinois Research Board to Sarah Mangelsdorf. We also gratefully
acknowledge the assistance of Fabricio Balkazar, James Kelly, Joseph McGrath, Adena Meyers, the staff and participants at
the service settings, and the anonymous reviewers. 相似文献
212.
Francis X. Clooney S.J. Gail Hinich Sutherland Lou Ratté Francis X. Clooney S.J. Carl Olson Constantina Rhodes Bailly Alex Wayman Herman Tull Sheila McDonough Robert Zydenbos Cynthia Ann Humes Sarah Caldwell Deepak Sharma Robin Rinehart Robert N. Minor Frank J. Korom Janice D. Willis Peter Flügel Vijay Prashad Muhammad Usman Erdosy Muhammad Usman Erdosy Antony Copley Steve Derné Swarna Rajagopalan Gavin Flood Rebecca J. Manring Michael York David Gordon White John Grimes Melissa Kerin Steven J. Rosen Anna B. Bigelow Carl Olson Will Sweetman 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》1997,1(3):596-643
213.
To evaluate the extent to which the models of moral judgment advanced by Kohlberg (1984) and by Gilligan (1982, 1988) are
able to account for real-life moral judgment, we investigated the relation of sex and type of moral dilemma to moral stage
and moral orientation. Eighty young adult men and women made moral judgments about two hypothetical Kohlberg dilemmas, two
real-life antisocial dilemmas, and two real-life prosocial dilemmas. We failed to find any sex differences in moral judgment.
Moral stage and moral orientation varied across the three types of dilemma. Kohlberg's dilemmas pulled for justice-oriented
Stage 4 moral judgments, real-life prosocial dilemmas pulled for care-oriented Stage 3 moral judgments, and real-life antisocial
dilemmas pulled for justice-oriented Stage 2 moral judgments. The content of moral judgments was related to their structure.
There was a positive relation between stage of moral judgment on Kohlberg dilemmas and on real-life dilemmas. The implications
of these findings for a new, more interactional, model of real-life moral judgment are discussed. 相似文献
214.
215.
Abstract—Several commentators have suggested that the attractiveness of average facial configurations could be due solely to associated changes in symmetry. If this symmetry hypothesis is correct, then averageness should not account for significant variance in attractiveness ratings when the effect of symmetry is partialed out. Furthermore, changes in attractiveness produced by manipulating the averageness of individual faces should disappear when all the images are made perfectly symmetric. The experiments reported support neither prediction. Symmetry and averageness (or distinctiveness, the converse of averageness) made independent contributions to attractiveness (Experiments 1 and 2), and changes in attractiveness resulting from changes in averageness remained when the images were made perfectly symmetric (Experiment 2). These results allow us to reject the symmetry hypothesis, and strengthen the evidence that facial averageness is attractive. 相似文献
216.
Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) and differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL) have been effective techniques in reducing maladaptive behaviors in therapeutic settings. Reported studies of these reinforcement-based procedures indicate that they are usually implemented in isolation, targeting only a single behavior or class of behaviors. In this study, multiple DRO and DRL contingencies were utilized concurrently in reducing two distinct classes of behaviors with a 26 year-old blind man with moderate retardation. One class of behaviors included socially inappropriate verbalizations, while the other included aggressive, self-injurious and environmentally destructive behaviors. Distinct contingencies were established according to the functions of the targeted behaviors and their severity and separate schedules of reinforcement were derived from baseline frequencies. Over a period of 20 months, the differential reinforcement interventions resulted in rapid reduction of behaviors in both classes to near-zero rates and frequencies were maintained at this low level while contingency schedules were systematically lengthened. Collateral effects are discussed including performance in functional academics and participation in community integration activities. 相似文献
217.
218.
Memory for lateral asymmetries in well-known faces: Evidence for configural information in memory representations of Faces 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gillian Rhodes 《Memory & cognition》1986,14(3):209-219
Two Experiments Were Carried Out To Determine Whether Configural Information About The Left-Right Organization Of A Face Is Represented In Memory. In Experiment 1, Subjects Consistently Chose Normal (Correct) Photographs as Better Likenesses of Familiar Faces than Mirror-Reversed photographs. This Effect Was Stronger For More Familiar Faces, and Did Not Depend On the Presence of Asymmetric Hairstyles Or Single, Asymmetrically Located Features (E.G., Moles, Warts). In Experiment 2, Subjects Were Asked To Decide Which of the Left and Right Composite Faces Was a Better Likeness of the Person. The Left Composite Is Normally Considered a Better Likeness In Perceptual Matching Tasks Where The Normal Photograph Is Present. Left Composites Were Regarded As Better Likenesses than Right Composites, Despite the Fact That This Bias Appeared To Compete With One in Favor of the More Realistic of the two Composites. The Results of Experiments 1 And 2 Suggest That Configural Information About The Left-Right Organization Of Faces Is Represented In Memory. The Right Hemiface Of A Familiar Face Was Considered More Expressive Than The Left Hemiface. This Is Opposite To The Normal Result for Unfamiliar Faces. The Implications of the Results For Models Of Face Representations and for Future Research Directions Are Discussed. 相似文献
219.
Gillian Russell 《Philosophical Issues》2018,28(1):308-324
220.
Amber Maree Anthenien Sarah J. DeLozier Clayton Neighbors Matthew G. Rhodes 《Social Psychology of Education》2018,21(2):303-322
We examined the extent to which college students’ self-reported study strategy use relates to perceived peer strategy use, allowing us to determine whether college students misperceive peers’ use of different study strategies. College students (n = 195) reported their use and perceived peer use of 10 different study strategies. Study strategy use positively related to GPA. Moreover, students perceived higher rates of peers’ use of relatively ineffective strategies (e.g., highlighting/underlining) and perceived lower rates of peers’ use of the highly effective strategy of distributing practice, compared to actual reports. Perceiving that peers are more likely to utilize ineffective strategies and less likely to utilize effective strategies may contribute to continued use of counterproductive or ineffective study behavior. 相似文献