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61.
62.
Recognition memory is usually regarded as a judgment based on trace strength or familiarity. But recognition may also be accomplished
by constraining retrieval so that only sought after information comes to mind (source-constrained retrieval). We introduce amemory-for-foils paradigm that provides evidence for source-constrained retrieval in recognition memory (Experiment 1) and source memory (Experiment
2). In this paradigm, subjects studied words under deep or shallow encoding conditions and were given a memory test (recognition
or source) that required them to discriminate between new items (foils) and either deep or shallow targets. A final recognition
test was used to examine memory for the foils. In both experiments, foil memory was superior when subjects attempted to retrieve
deep rather than shallow targets on the earlier test. These findings support a sourceconstrained retrieval view of cognitive
control by demonstrating qualitative differences in the basis for memory performance. 相似文献
63.
64.
A review of the domestic violence research was conducted to assess the most salient factors that predict the likelihood of a woman remaining in or leaving an abusive relationship. The research is still in its early stage and no single theory can confidently predict this tendency on the part of battered women. Research that currently appears to provide the best explanations for remaining in an abusive relationship and factors that enable women to end their abuse are summarized. 相似文献
65.
A review of the domestic violence research was conducted to assess the most salient factors that predict the likelihood of a woman remaining in or leaving an abusive relationship. The research is still in its early stage and no single theory can confidently predict this tendency on the part of battered women. Research that currently appears to provide the best explanations for remaining in an abusive relationship and factors that enable women to end their abuse are summarized. 相似文献
66.
This study explored factors associated with differential patterns of social and health service use among pregnant and parenting African American adolescents. One hundred seventy-seven young women between the ages of 14 and 22 took part in the study. Cluster analysis suggested three groups of users: frequent users, moderate users, and inconsistent users. These groups were distinct in terms of their frequency of service usage, perceptions of barriers to usage, and psychological and social functioning. Moderate users appeared to be healthier than either the frequent or inconsistent users, as indicated by their relatively higher levels of psychological functioning. In contrast, inconsistent users were distinguished by their high rates of sexual victimization, their low use of medical services, and their perceptions of many programmatic and personal barriers to usage. Suggestions for research and interventions that encompass the diverse needs of young African American women are made. 相似文献
67.
Nitin Trasi Francis X. Clooney Maria Hibbets George Cronk Brian A. Hatcher Robin Rinehart Karen Pechilis Prentiss Hal W. French Francis X. Clooney Lisa Bellantoni Frank J. Korom Robert Menzies Constantina Rhodes Bailly Gavin Flood Rebecca J. Manring Loriliai Biernacki Brian K. Pennington John Grimes Richard D. MacPhail Glenn Wallis John J. Thatamanil John Grimes Thomas Forsthoefel Denise Cush Yasmin Saikia Joseph A. Bracken Lise F. Vail Jacqueline Suthren Hirst Judson B. Trapnell Ellison Banks Findly Paul Waldau D. L. Johnson John Grimes 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》2000,4(1):61-107
68.
Clare A. M. Sutherland Gillian Rhodes Nichola S. Burton Andrew W. Young 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2020,111(2):215-232
Influential facial impression models have repeatedly shown that trustworthiness, youthful–attractiveness, and dominance dimensions subserve a wide variety of first impressions formed from strangers’ faces, suggestive of a shared social reality. However, these models are built from impressions aggregated across observers. Critically, recent work has now shown substantial inter-observer differences in facial impressions, raising the important question of whether these dimensional models based on aggregated group data are meaningful at the individual observer level. We addressed this question with a novel case series approach, using factor analyses of ratings of twelve different traits to build individual models of facial impressions for different observers. Strikingly, three dimensions of trustworthiness, youthful/attractiveness, and competence/dominance appeared across the majority of these individual observer models, demonstrating that the dimensional approach is indeed meaningful at the individual level. Nonetheless, we also found differences in the stability of the competence/dominance dimension across observers. Taken together, results suggest that individual differences in impressions arise in the context of a largely common structure that supports a shared social reality. 相似文献
69.
The effects and predictors of duration in youth mentor relationships were examined. The study included 1,138 young, urban adolescents (Mean age = 12.25, all of whom applied to Big Brothers Big Sisters programs. The adolescents were randomly assigned to either the treatment or control group, and administered questions at baseline and 18 months later. Adolescents in relationships that lasted a year or longer reported the largest number of improvements, with progressively fewer effects emerging among youth who were in relationships that terminated earlier. Adolescents who were in relationships that terminated within a very short period of time reported decrements in several indicators of functioning. Older adolescents, as well as those who had been referred for services or had sustained emotional, sexual or physical abuse, were most likely to be in early terminating relationships, as were married volunteers aged 26–30 and those with lower incomes. Several dyadic factors were also found to be related to earlier terminations, including race, gender, and relationship quality. 相似文献
70.
Eynan R Langley J Tolomiczenko G Rhodes AE Links P Wasylenki D Goering P 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2002,32(4):418-427
This study was carried out with three goals: (1) to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among the homeless; (2) to determine what aspects of homelessness predict suicidality, and (3) to determine which aspects remain predictive after controlling for key covariates, such as mental illness. A sample of 330 homeless adults were interviewed. Sixty-one percent of the study sample reported suicidal ideation and 34% had attempted suicide. Fifty-six percent of the men and 78% of the women reported prior suicidal ideation, while 28 percent of the men and 57% of the women had attempted suicide. Childhood homelessness of at least 1 week without family members and periods of homelessness longer than 6 months were found to be associated with suicidal ideation. Psychiatric diagnoses were also associated with suicidality in this sample. 相似文献