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991.
Stanley SM Allen ES Markman HJ Saiz CC Bloomstrom G Thomas R Schumm WR Bailey AE 《Family process》2005,44(2):187-201
The effectiveness of marriage education was evaluated in two separate samples of primarily married couples in which at least one member of the couple was on active duty in the U.S. Army. The intervention was delivered by Army chaplains. Effects replicated well in the two samples, and demonstrated that marriage education was well received by this population and resulted in improvements in relationship functioning. Changes in relationship quality were examined separately for males and females, and also for couples in which both members of the couple were Caucasian as compared with all other couples. There were no significant differences in changes over time (i.e., from pre- to postmarriage education) among males and females or among couples with different ethnic makeup. These results have important implications for the generalizability of marriage education to diverse samples in nontraditional contexts. 相似文献
992.
The purpose of this article is to facilitate a reconsideration of what the authors consider to be a mistaken belief among personnel psychologists--the belief that supervisory ratings of job performance are not biased on the basis of race. In this article, the authors reviewed the current literature, reexamined the data, and concluded that the research on which this mistaken belief is based clearly demonstrates that racial bias may indeed exist and is significant, both in statistical and practical terms. 相似文献
993.
Motion is often thought of as the result of perceptual and higher cognitive processes. Although this idea has been investigated in myriad ways, the understanding of how movements tune cognitive processes is still in its infancy. The present study examined the nonaffective tuning of movements (arm extension and arm flexion) on heuristic and systematic processes. In a departure from recent cognitive tuning models, a model was derived that defines the tuning effect based on the movement goal and not on the movement position. In the experiment, participants moved toward an extension or flexion position with a movement goal which connected the movement with either an avoidance or an approach function. Analysis indicated that cognitive tuning is a product of the movement goal rather than the movement position. Implications for models of motor control as well as for cognitive tuning models are presented. 相似文献
994.
Lindsay RA 《Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal》2005,15(4):323-346
Common morality theory must confront apparent counterexamples from the history of morality, such as the widespread acceptance of slavery in prior eras, that suggest core norms have changed over time. A recent defense of common morality theory addresses this problem by drawing a distinction between the content of the norms of the common morality and the range of individuals to whom these norms apply. This distinction is successful in reconciling common morality theory with practices such as slavery, but only at the cost of underscoring the limits of common morality theory, in particular its inability to resolve disputes about the moral status of entities. Given that many controversies in bioethics center on the disputed status of various entities, such as embryos and nonhuman animals, this is an important limitation. Nonetheless, common morality theory still can be a useful resource in diminishing moral conflict on issues that do not involve disputes over moral status. 相似文献
995.
Lindsay RA 《Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal》2005,15(1):3-38
There is a concern that genetic engineering will exacerbate existing social divisions and inequalities, especially if only the wealthy can afford genetic enhancements. Accordingly, many argue that justice requires the imposition of constraints on genetic engineering. However, it would be unwise to decide at this time what limits should be imposed in the future. Decision makers currently lack both the theoretical tools and the factual foundation for making sound judgments about the requirements of justice in a genetically transformed society. Moreover, focusing on the uncertain inequities of the future may result in failure to give priority to more pressing inequities of the present. Especially in a country that recently has enacted tax legislation that will widen existing wealth disparities, concern about the distant threat of a genetic aristocracy appears misplaced. 相似文献
996.
Green R 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2005,5(6):44-6; discussion W14-6
997.
Routine animal husbandry variables, such as group housing of mice and the order of testing of cagemates, are currently viewed
to be essentially neutral with respect to the outcome of most, if not all, animal-based experiments, including those that
utilize behavioral measurements. During the course of experiments that have utilized the elevated plus-maze to examine the
ability of a bacterial challenge of mice to induce anxiety-like behavior, due to the activation of various cytokine pathways,
we followed the recommendation of laboratory animal care staff to house the mice in pairs. When we tested the members of the
pairs successively, it was found, for the first experimental set, that the behavior that reflects anxiety (time in closed
arms) of the first-tested animal differed from that of the second-tested animal for both the experimental and the control
animals and, critically, that these changes were in the opposite directions for the controls and the experimental animals,
thus obscuring the effect of the experimental manipulation. A second, independent experimental set also obtained a significant
effect for the order of testing effect in the bacterial-challenged group, but not in the saline control group, although a
similar trend was evident in this group as well. These results indicate that special care should to be taken in implementing
housing recommendations and that preliminary tests may be necessary to ensure that housing conditions do not interact with
tests of the phenomenon under experimental investigation. 相似文献
998.
Esther E. Diamond William D. Crano Louis Guttman Ronald G. Ragsdale 《Psychometrika》1969,34(3):395-405
999.
Binocular fusion may be due to interocular inhibitory suppression, an hypothesis difficult to evaluate by phenomenal inspection. A test probe method (reaction time to a light pulse) was used to measure visual sensitivity during binocular rivalry and fusion. The absence of inhibitory effects during fusion fai Is to support the suppression theory of fusion. 相似文献
1000.