Soames on the Tractatus

Philosophical Studies -     

How Wittgenstein Defeated Russell’s Multiple Relation Theory of Judgment

In 1913 Wittgenstein raised an objection to Russell’s multiple relation theory of judgment that eventually led Russell to abandon his theory. As he put it in the Tractatus, the objection was that “the correct explanation of the form of the proposition, ‘A makes the judgement p’, must show that it is impossible for a judgement to be a piece of nonsense. (Russell’s theory does not satisfy this requirement,” (5.5422). This objection has been widely interpreted to concern type restrictions on the constituents of judgment. I argue that this interpretation is mistaken and that Wittgenstein’s objection is in fact a form of the problem of the unity of the proposition.     

... In continuing education

Pastoral Psychology -     

Examining Cultural,Ethnic, and Religious Differences with the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness and Spirituality in the U.S. and India

Journal of Religion and Health - The Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) is regularly used to measure spirituality and religiosity in U.S. Christian populations,...     

Differential Prediction of Preparatory and Performance Self-Efficacy Judgments

This study examined the effects of self-efficacy in preparatory and performance contexts. We conducted a longitudinal study of 63 students' exam preparation and performance. Three waves of data were collected in conjunction with course exams. Within each wave, self-efficacy was assessed at 2 time points, 1 week before the exam (preparatory self-efficacy) and within the 24 hr preceding the exam (performance self-efficacy). We expected preparatory and performance self-efficacy to predict exam preparation and performance, respectively. Multilevel analysis revealed that the effects of preparatory self-efficacy depended on the level of analysis, but performance self-efficacy had positive effects on exam performance at the between- and within-person levels of analysis. Our results suggest that timing of self-efficacy assessment matters as the effects of self-efficacy depend on the context.     

The sociology of physical disability: A review of literature and some conceptual perspectives

In this paper some of the most significant literature on the sociology of physical disability is examined. Special attention is paid to the labeling perspective because it has dominated thinking about the social and emotional adjustment of disabled individuals during recent years. Much of the empirical research, however, indicates that a key problem in the labeling theory is explaining why many disabled individuals do not passively accept the labels that are applied to them. Hence, two alternative conceptual perspectives, the negotiated outcome perspective and the compensatory perspective, are offered to account for the behavior and emotional adjustment of some physically disabled individuals. In addition, some possible conditioning variables are discussed in terms of their theoretical significance and implications for future research.