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61.
Marilyn Stern Katherine Hildebrandt Karraker Andrea Meldrum Sopko Sloan Norman 《Infant mental health journal》2000,21(6):495-509
Research exploring the effects of labeling on maternal perceptions and behaviors was extended by simultaneously examining the cognitive and behavioral effects of prematurity stereotyping with both mothers of full‐term and premature infants, and by examining the effects of an information‐based intervention on the stereotyped responses of mothers of premature infants. An experimental design wherein mothers of both full‐term and premature infants were randomly assigned to interact with, and then rate, either a full‐term or premature infant who was described as either full‐term or premature was employed to test several hypotheses. Two hypotheses related to prematurity stereotyping received support: mothers showed more positive responses to infants labeled full‐term than to infants labeled premature, and mothers of full‐term infants exhibited more prematurity stereotyping than did mothers of premature infants. The hypothesis concerning gender effects also was supported, with mothers showing more positive responses to male infants than to female infants. In contrast to expectations, a brief cognitive intervention provided to some mothers of premature infants failed to reduce stereotyping, and, indeed, appeared to increase stereotyping. These results are compared with the results of previous studies, most of which did not include actual interactions between mothers and infants, and the implications of these results are considered. © 2000 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. 相似文献
62.
Jeremy P. Nahum Nadia Bruschweiler-Stern Alexandra M. Harrison Karlen Lyons-Ruth Alexander C. Morgan Louis Sander Daniel N. Stern Edward Z. Tronick 《Infant mental health journal》1998,19(3):315-319
A sequence of analytic sessions of a professional woman in her forties is used to illustrate the moving along process. The material shows a gradual change, where the patient's experience of her sense of agency is altered through a particular kind of interactive sequence. The example is intended to make it clear that the group's view of how change occurs is not strictly or primarily in terms of sudden changes, and that the problem of assessing moments of meeting as well as quantitative and qualitative shifts is one with which the group continues to struggle. © 1998 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health 相似文献
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65.
Public understanding of climate change in the United States 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This article considers scientific and public understandings of climate change and addresses the following question: Why is it that while scientific evidence has accumulated to document global climate change and scientific opinion has solidified about its existence and causes, U.S. public opinion has not and has instead become more polarized? Our review supports a constructivist account of human judgment. Public understanding is affected by the inherent difficulty of understanding climate change, the mismatch between people's usual modes of understanding and the task, and, particularly in the United States, a continuing societal struggle to shape the frames and mental models people use to understand the phenomena. We conclude by discussing ways in which psychology can help to improve public understanding of climate change and link a better understanding to action. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
66.
John W. Mullennix Steven E. Stern Benjamin Grounds Rob Kalas Mary Flaherty Sara Kowalok Eric May Brian Tessmer 《Applied cognitive psychology》2010,24(4):513-526
In two experiments, memory distortions for voice pitch and speaking rate were examined. In both experiments, a significant distortion effect for voice pitch was observed, with listeners biased towards selecting voices lower in pitch than low‐pitch targets and selecting voices higher in pitch than high‐pitch targets. In contrast, for speaking rate there was little evidence for the production of memory distortions. The results are discussed in terms of transient surface properties of speech and how transience may be a factor in producing distortions. The results have implications for how errors arise during earwitness testimony for a suspect's voice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
67.
Robert W. Isenhower Michael J. Richardson Claudia Carello Reuben M. Baron Kerry L. Marsh 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(3):342-347
Understanding the physical and interpersonal constraints that afford cooperation during real-world tasks requires consideration
of the fit between the environment and task-relevant dimensions of coactors and the coactors’ fit with each other. In the
present study, we examined how cooperation can emerge during ongoing interaction using the simple task of two actors’ moving
long wooden planks. The system dynamics showed hysteresis: A past-action mode persisted when both solo and joint actions were
possible. Moreover, pairs whose arm spans were both short, both long, or mismatched made action-mode transitions at similar
points, when scaled by a relational measure. The relational measure of plank length to arm span was dictated by the pair member
with the shorter arm span, who, thus, had a greater need to cooperate during the task. The results suggest that understanding
affordances for cooperation requires giving more consideration to constraints imposed by the fit between coactors’ action
capabilities. 相似文献
68.
The processing speed account suggests that general slowing of mental processing speed results in an overall decline, especially age-related decline, in other cognitive domains. Support for the speed account comes mainly from cross-sectional studies with participants that vary in age (age-heterogeneous samples). This study investigated how well variations in processing speed predict change of episodic recall in a longitudinal framework and examined with the Narrow Age Cohort (NAC) design. Data were obtained from Betula, a population-based longitudinal study. Both 5-year (n= 490; Time 3 - Time 4) and 10-year follow-up results (n= 608; Time 1 - Time 3) were used. In both samples, which were subjected to prospective dementia screening, we found considerably weaker associations in longitudinal data compared to cross-sectional, and also weaker associations in age-homogeneous than in age-heterogeneous samples. The results provide little support for the speed account. 相似文献
69.
Mindt MR Byrd D Ryan EL Robbins R Monzones J Arentoft A Germano KK Henniger DE Morgello S 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2008,14(4):315-325
Hispanic individuals in the U.S. have been disproportionately impacted by HIV/AIDS, yet little is known regarding the neuropsychological sequelae of HIV within the Hispanic population. This study characterized neuropsychological (NP) test performance of HIV+ English-speaking Hispanic participants (n = 51) and investigated the combined roles of sociocultural factors (e.g., ethnicity, socioeconomic status [SES] proxy, and reading level) on NP test performance among our HIV+ Hispanic and non-Hispanic White participants (n = 49). Results revealed that the pattern of NP impairment in HIV+ Hispanic participants is consistent with the frontal-striatal pattern observed in HIV-associated CNS sequelae, and the overall prevalence of global NP impairment was high compared to previous reports with more ethnically homogeneous, non-Hispanic White cohorts. Multivariate prediction models that considered both sociocultural factors and CD4 count revealed that reading level was the only unique predictor of global NP functioning, learning, and attention/working memory. In contrast, ethnicity was the only unique predictor of abstraction/executive functioning. This study provides support for the use of neuropsychological evaluation in detecting HIV-associated NP impairment among HIV+ Hispanic participants and adds to the growing literature regarding the importance of considering sociocultural factors in the interpretation of NP test performance. 相似文献
70.
Rabbis and Health: A Half-Century Review of the Mental and Physical Health Care Literature:1950–1999
Kevin J. Flannelly Rabbi Shira Stern Karen G. Costa Andrew J. Weaver Harold G. Koenig 《Pastoral Psychology》2006,54(6):545-554
Electronic searches were conducted on PubMed and the American Psychological Association's database (PsycINFO) for articles that discussed the role of rabbis in relation to some aspect of healthcare. The two searches were conducted in each electronic database using the search-terms: (1) (rabbi OR rabbinical OR synagogue) OR (2) (Judaism OR Jewish) AND (clergy OR chaplain). Articles were classified by the year of their publication, professional discipline, type of journal (either religious or secular), and type of article: either research, or narrative and expositional. Rabbis were discussed most often in psychology, psychiatry, and behavior-related fields, and close to two-thirds of the articles dealt with mental health concerns. A statistically significant increase in articles across decades was found in the secular journals, r=.98, p≤.01, with over 70% of the articles about rabbis in the secular journals being published between 1980 and 1999. Many of the articles addressed collaboration between rabbis, psychiatrists, and other and mental health professionals and discussed previously identified themes related to professional collaboration and referral. 相似文献