Item analysis and differential item functioning of a brief conduct problem screen

Research has shown that boys display higher levels of childhood conduct problems than girls, and Black children display higher levels than White children, but few studies have tested for scalar equivalence of conduct problems across gender and race. The authors conducted a 2-parameter item response theory (IRT) model to examine item characteristics of the Authority Acceptance scale from the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation-Revised (AA-TOCA-R; L. Larsson-Werthamer, S. G. Kellam, & L. Wheeler, 1991) in 8,820 kindergarten children and estimated the degree of differential item functioning (DIF) by gender and race/urban status. The mean level of latent conduct problems was best represented by behaviors such as being stubborn, breaking rules, and being disobedient, whereas breaking things and taking others' property best represented the construct at one standard deviation above the mean. DIF by gender was detected, such that at equivalent levels of latent conduct problems, males received more endorsements of overt behaviors from teachers, whereas females received more endorsements of nonphysical behaviors. Moreover, overt behaviors were better discriminators of latent conduct problems for males, and nonphysical behaviors were better discriminators of latent conduct problems for females. Differences across race/urban status were not found to be conceptually meaningful. The authors' analyses also suggest that the item scaling of the AA-TOCA-R may be best represented by 5e categories instead of 6. These findings provide support for the use of IRT modeling to examine item characteristics of conduct problem scales and DIF to test for scalar equivalence across diverse subpopulations.     

冲动型和思索型认知方式在儿童逻辑推理中的中介作用

通过选择相同图形测验(MFFT),小学一年级的儿童(平均年龄=6岁7月)被定为或具有“冲动型”(n=31)或具有“思索型”(N=33)两类不同的认知方式,然后分别在预试、启发和再测三个阶段,做性质相同的推理测验。对儿童在推理测验时自我解释的趋向的分析表明,思索型儿童在三次测试中都能注重答案的确实性。冲动型儿童预试时急于作答,但启发阶段由于主试的提醒和解释,纠正了急于作答的倾向并能注意答案的确实性,然而再测时由于测验的气氛,他们又恢复了急于作答而不注重答案准确性的倾向。结果,认知方式在一定情况下影响了儿童的推理成绩:预试时由于题的难度大思索型和冲动型儿童的成绩都不好,启发阶段两组儿童的进步都很大,然而再测试时,冲动型儿童退步,而思索型儿童却保持了启发后的水平。本实验结果意味着,在做一定难度的推理题时,思索型的认知方式会有助于儿童的成绩,而冲动型认知方式会掩盖儿童的能力。如果对冲动型的儿童随时多提醒些,让其自主支配时间,鼓励他们注重于答案的准确性,他们就可能改变认知方式而提高判断能力。     

明尼苏达多相个性调查表在我国修订经过及使用评价

本文介绍了明尼苏达多相个性调查表在我国试用及修订的经过。此项工作分为四个阶段进行。一、将英文的M.M.P.I.译成中文(曾参考香港张妙清博士修订的中文版,未作大的改动),先在局部地区试用。二、根据试用中发现的问题,进行必要的修改。三、成立全国性的协作组,使用初步修订后的版本,在我国广大地区进行测查。四、重译、修订。 经过我们的试用,证明此调查表的信度、效度水平均较高,在我国具有一定使用价值,特别对精神病的临床诊断意义更大。应予注意的是在分析测验结果时,务必以本民族的常模为标准。由于各个民族的生活方式、民族传统文化及历史背景各不相同,因此必须根据我国民族的特点,尽快制订出具有我国特点的、简便易行的个性调查表。     

School phobia: An overview

This article discusses general features of school phobia and specific clinical and familial traits and characteristics. Included are overviews of theoretical explanations, types of school phobia, suggested methods of treatment, and their efficacy.     

宝鸡市民族宗教界集体收看十七大开幕式

应香港道教联合会邀请,中国道教协会组成包括任法融会长,张继禹、黄信阳副会长,袁炳栋秘书长等人在内的参访团,参加了11月13日至24日由香港道联会举办的庆祝香港回归十周年的     

加强交流 扩大影响 努力开创外事工作新局面

今年,是中国道教协会的50华诞。50年来,在党和政府的关怀下,中国道协的各项工作取得了显著成绩。特别是改革开放以后,随着宗教政策得到全面正