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11.
The application of a high magnetic field is capable of inducing the formation of aligned equiaxed grains in alloys during directional solidification. The alignment and refinement of the grains is enhanced as the magnetic field intensity increases. The thermoelectric power difference at the liquid/solid interface in four alloys has been measured in situ during directional solidification and it is concluded that the formation of aligned equiaxed grains in a magnetic field should be attributed to the combined action of a thermoelectric magnetic force and a magnetization force.  相似文献   
12.
Reviews     

Dnevniki ("Diaries") by Eduard Kuznetsov. Les Editeurs Réunis, Paris, 1973. 374 pp.

Sergei by Sergei Kourdakov. Oliphants, London, 1973. 205 pp. £2.50.

Zakonodatelstvo o religii v SSSR. Doklad Komitetu prav cheloveka ("Legislation on Religion in the USSR. Report submitted to the Human Rights Committee") by I. R. Shafarevich, Paris, 1973. 81 pp.  相似文献   
13.
Early risk exposure reportedly influences romantic relationship formation via an increase in sexualized reproductive strategies and attachment insecurity. Because these are risk adaptations that predict differing interactions in romantic relationships and are complexly related to gender, two studies focused on these features in relation to relationship formation in emerging adulthood. Beyond confirming that self-reported early risk exposure was associated with a more sexualized romantic self-concept, greater numbers of relationships, and greater attachment insecurity, “Study 1” confirmed a hypothesized four-way interaction between gender, early risk, romantic self-concept, and attachment style. “Study 2” clarified the interaction through a regression model predicting a sexualized romantic self-concept differently for men and women. A structural equation model including all the study variables confirmed the hypothesis that pathways for men primarily predicted unrestricted sexuality (i.e., numbers of casual relationships), whereas the pathways for women included direct effects from risk and indicators of committed relationships.  相似文献   
14.
This article presents the results of an investigation of the relationship of biographical information to the performance of counselors in state rehabilitation (DVR) agencies. The specific purposes of this study were to examine (1) what biographical data items differentiate more successful DVR counselors from less successful DVR counselors, and (2) if factors across biographical items could be found that relate to more successful performance. A series of statistical steps were involved in the analyses including chi-square, reciprocal average weighting technique, factor analysis, and a multiple regression model. No significant relationship to the criterion of supervisor ratings on overall effectiveness was found using either of two weighting procedures, nor were the responses to items composing the factors associated with the criterion variable. Some implications and limitations of the study were discussed.  相似文献   
15.
Whereas a growing interest in the development of attentional flexibility (AF) and in perseverative behavior, being one marker of this component, exists in neuropsychological studies and in the domain of developmental psychopathology (e.g., PKU, infantile schizophrenia, autism and Parkinson's disease) (Pennington & Ozonoff, 1996; Stahl & Pry, 2002), only a few studies have concerned themselves with this subject in normal children. It is thus of interest to add more empirical data to the existing literature in this domain. Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore the development of AF and of perseverative errors in young preschool children with normal development, aged 1.5 to 6 years. Using set-shifting tasks of increasing difficulty level, three age groups were compared with respect to their AF skills.Results show a developmental factor underlying AF, with different levels of this form becoming more and more complex with age, ranging from a rudimentary visual form to a complex representational form of flexibility. Overall, few perseverative errors occurred and they decreased with age. Results are discussed from a developmental and neuropsychological perspective.  相似文献   
16.
We have previously reported on the use of a sleep assessment device (SAD) with non-insomniac subjects. The SAD works by generating a brief, soft tone about every 10 min throughout the night and tape recording verbal responses to these cues. The sleep patterns reconstructed from the night's tape recordings proved highly concordant with EEG records. The present study tested the SAD against the EEG standard in 20 nights of monitoring chronic insomniacs. No significant differences were found between the SAD and EEG records with respect to sleep latency, duration of awakenings during the night, total sleep time and sleep efficiency percentage. The EEG detected many more very brief awakenings during the night than did the SAD due to the continuous monitoring by the former. The SAD proved to be a non-intrusive measure of sleep according to three independent measures. The usefulness of the SAD as a measure of sleep in the natural environment was discussed.  相似文献   
17.
Violence in military families remains a vexing problem. Since the advent of the Global War on Terror, there is inconsistent evidence that the prevalence of family violence is increasing, particularly during and after military deployments. However, child neglect appears to increase significantly during military deployments. The military has developed family advocacy programs designed to keep families safe and intervene to reduce the deleterious effects of exposure to family violence. This is one of the first studies to examine the quality with which a family advocacy program is implemented and the degree to which families engage with the program. To conduct this study, the case files of 226 families who came in contact with the Army Family Advocacy Program (FAP) and whose cases were closed in 2013 were reviewed and coded across several implementation and service outcomes. These included involvement of qualified staff, whether or not appropriate victim and offender assessments were completed, degree of inter-agency communication, and appropriateness of referrals, among others. Soldier and family member participation in FAP and other Army-sponsored programs designed to reduce violence was also assessed. Generally speaking, the Army Family Advocacy Program was implemented with high quality, established processes and procedures for handling cases were largely followed, and FAP staff responded rapidly and thoroughly to reported abuse. However, family engagement with Army services and supports was low. Developing robust approaches to engaging families in family programming must be a high priority going forward.  相似文献   
18.
An 8-month-long experimental study examined the immediate and longer term effects of regularly practicing two assigned positive activities (expressing optimism and gratitude) on well-being. More important, this intervention allowed us to explore the impact of two metafactors that are likely to influence the success of any positive activity: whether one self-selects into the study knowing that it is about increasing happiness and whether one invests effort into the activity over time. Our results indicate that initial self-selection makes a difference, but only in the two positive activity conditions, not the control, and that continued effort also makes a difference, but, again, only in the treatment conditions. We conclude that happiness interventions are more than just placebos, but that they are most successful when participants know about, endorse, and commit to the intervention.  相似文献   
19.
The purpose of this study was to examine if age, attitudes toward help-seeking, education, and sex were related to previous or intended future mental health utilization in a rural population. Data were collected via a mail survey from 438 adults. Regression analyses suggested that positive attitudes toward help-seeking, being female, and being younger were significantly related to both previous and intended future mental health service utilization. In addition, prior mental health use was significantly related to whether one would seek out mental health services in the future, Implications for mental health practitioners in rural settings are addressed, and limitations of the study discussed.  相似文献   
20.
E. Hirshman, J. Fisher, T. Henthom, J. Amdt, and A. Passanname (2002) found that Midazolam disrupts the mirror-patterned word-frequency effect for recognition memory by reversing the typical hit-rate advantage for low-frequency words. They noted that this result is consistent with dual-process accounts (e.g., R. C. Atkinson & J. F. Juola, 1974; G. Mandler, 1980; A. P. Yonelinas, 1994) of the word frequency effect for recognition memory (S. Joordens & W. E. Hockley. 2000; L. M. Reder et al. 2000). The present authors show that this finding is also consistent with a variety of single-process, retrieving effectively- from-memory (REM) models (R. M. Shiffrin & M. Steyvers, 1997), the simplest of which assumes that Midazolam decreases the accuracy with which memory traces are stored. These findings therefore do not discriminate between single- and dual-process models of recognition memory.  相似文献   
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