阶层流动的“双刃剑”效应及其心理机制

阶层流动是指人们在社会分层体系中相对位置的变化。人们普遍预期,向上流动促进个体发展和社会进步。然而近期研究也表明,向上流动还可能损害个体健康和主观幸福感,使人们低估和容忍社会不平等,并反对再分配。地位认同、贫富归因倾向以及系统公正信念能够解释向上流动的双刃剑效应。未来研究需要进一步澄清向上流动感知的具体表现,深入考察向上流动影响的心理机制,探索促进阶层流动积极效应发挥的干预方法。     

培训迁移影响因素研究述评

对培训迁移的研究从关注培训本身发展到关注培训以外影响其效果的因素,且焦点集中在对于企业来说更可控的因素上,主要是迁移气氛与组织特征。培训迁移气氛包括情境线索与结果两个维度。该文分析了影响培训迁移的几个主要因素,并根据已有的研究,提出了培训迁移研究未来的方向,例如,组织和个人的职业生涯管理与培训迁移的关系,以及培训类型的扩展对培训迁移带来的影响     

The Career Decision‐Making Process of Chinese American Youth

The authors investigated how negotiating two cultural expectations may influence the career decision‐making process of Chinese youth. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 8 participants addressing issues of role models, career interests, and individuals with whom they discussed career concerns. Consensual Qualitative Research (C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, & E. N. Williams, 1997) was used to analyze data. The findings suggest that parents' academic and career expectations influenced the career decisions of Chinese youth.     

Processing of invisible stimuli: advantage of upright faces and recognizable words in overcoming interocular suppression

Familiar and recognizable stimuli enjoy an advantage of predominance during binocular rivalry, and this advantage is usually attributed to their enhanced processing during the dominant phase. However, do familiar and recognizable stimuli have an advantage in breaking suppression? Test images were gradually introduced to one eye to compete against a standard high-contrast dynamic noise pattern presented to the other eye. Results showed that an upright face took less time than an upside-down face to gain dominance against the identical suppression noise. Results also showed that for Chinese readers, Chinese characters were faster to gain dominance than Hebrew words, whereas for Hebrew readers, the reverse was true. These results suggest that familiar and recognizable information, even when suppressed and invisible, is processed differently from unfamiliar information. Apparently, high-level information about visual form does contribute to the strength of a stimulus during its suppressed phase.     

基督教人性观在当代的发展

本文对基督教传统的人性观进行了概括,简要梳理了现代基督教人观的发展。本文中名为"奥古斯丁—阿奎那传统"的传统人观强调人内在与外在的区别,认为"上帝的形象"体现在无性别的单一灵魂或者理性中,这种实在的理性将人与万物区别开来。与这种实体性的人观相反,现代基督教人观更强调人存在于与某种超越的终极实在的关系之中,以及人作为男性或女性与其他人形成的关系之中。人格的人是每个人发展这两个方面位格关系所有的结果。成为人首先意味着成为一个男人或者女人,以此差别为基础反映了三位一体上帝的形象。现代基督教人观打破了自启蒙以来把人理解为"理性人"的抽象观念。     

再谈在中国应提倡使用避孕套预防艾滋病

人们性观念的转变和性行为准则的放松导致了性传播疾病(STDs)逐年增多.据统计,中国已进入艾滋病(AIDS)的广泛流行期.再次提出应当提倡使用避孕套,充分发挥避孕套的双重保护作用以限制AIDS在国内的蔓延;通过大量的资料,再次阐述了推广使用避孕套的必要性和重要性,并就在国内推广过程中可能会出现的相关问题作了进一步说明.     

瘟疫环境下个体生活条件模式与行为的理性化——以20世纪初哈尔滨的瘟疫事件为例

采用文献分析的方法深入剖析清末民国时期瘟疫下的哈尔滨社会。认识政府、传统文化、个人这三者在瘟疫环境下所做出的反应,以及各自所呈现出来的理性化发展趋向,尤其是剖析了个人的生活条件模式以及行为的理性化演变趋势。这一研究对现实中政府、民众乃至个人在危机过后进行反思、提高、做出理性变动,以及在危机状态下如何与民众进行沟通,具有一定的借鉴价值。     

重庆市直辖以来卫生资源配置公平性研究

采用基尼系数方法从人口和地理分布两个方面定量分析重庆市卫生资源配置的公平性。重庆市主要卫生资源中,护士的基尼系数最高;重庆市的三个经济区域中,都市发达经济圈的基尼系数最高;资源按地理配置的公平性要差于按人口配置。重庆市护理人员严重不足且分布不公平,资源地理配置的公平性有待改善。     

西晋东莱人刘毅仕宦考

以门阀士族为其统治基础的西晋王朝,在确保士族权益的同时,皇族司马氏也需要一批事功派官僚以限制士族势力的过分膨胀,从而维持其君主的专制权威.然而,晋武帝却始终没有重用事功派官僚刘毅,作者认为,其主要原因是刘毅始终忠于曹魏,一直对司马氏的统治持敌视态度.而晋武帝"容忍"刘毅的主要原因则是当时亲曹力量依然十分庞大.     

Histone modifications around individual BDNF gene promoters in prefrontal cortex are associated with extinction of conditioned fear

Extinction of conditioned fear is an important model both of inhibitory learning and of behavior therapy for human anxiety disorders. Like other forms of learning, extinction learning is long-lasting and depends on regulated gene expression. Epigenetic mechanisms make an important contribution to persistent changes in gene expression; therefore, in these studies, we have investigated whether epigenetic regulation of gene expression contributes to fear extinction. Since brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is crucial for synaptic plasticity and for the maintenance of long-term memory, we examined histone modifications around two BDNF gene promoters after extinction of cued fear, as potential targets of learning-induced epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Valproic acid (VPA), used for some time as an anticonvulsant and a mood stabilizer, modulates the expression of BDNF, and is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Here, we report that extinction of conditioned fear is accompanied by a significant increase in histone H4 acetylation around the BDNF P4 gene promoter and increases in BDNF exon I and IV mRNA expression in prefrontal cortex, that VPA enhances long-term memory for extinction because of its HDAC inhibitor effects, and that VPA potentiates the effect of weak extinction training on histone H4 acetylation around both the BDNF P1 and P4 gene promoters and on BDNF exon IV mRNA expression. These results suggest a relationship between histone H4 modification, epigenetic regulation of BDNF gene expression, and long-term memory for extinction of conditioned fear. In addition, they suggest that HDAC inhibitors may become a useful pharmacological adjunct to psychotherapy for human anxiety disorders.