重大突发事件下价值观与幸福感的变化:基于潜变量增长和交叉滞后模型

对1495名被试的价值观与幸福感进行了三个时间点的追踪研究,通过潜变量增长模型和交叉滞后回归模型,考察重大突发事件下价值观与幸福感的变化及其相互作用。结果发现:(1)T1到T3民众的自我超越价值观显著下降,保守和开放价值观显著上升;(2)T2到T3民众的幸福感显著下降;(3)T2自我超越价值观正向预测T3幸福感,T2自我增强价值观负向预测T3幸福感;(4)T2幸福感正向预测T3自我超越和保守价值观,负向预测T3自我增强和开放价值观。该结果为今后重大突发事件下的价值观引导提供了实证依据。     

Developments in young infants' reasoning about occluded objects

Eight experiments were conducted to examine 3- and 3.5-month-old infants' responses to occlusion events. The results revealed two developments, one in infants' knowledge of when objects should and should not be occluded and the other in infants' ability to posit additional objects to make sense of events that would otherwise violate their occlusion knowledge. The first development is that, beginning at about 3 months of age, infants expect an object to become temporarily visible when passing behind an occluder with an opening extending from its lower edge. The second development is that, beginning at about 3.5 months of age, infants generate a two-object explanation when shown a violation in which an object fails to become visible when passing behind an occluder with an opening in its lower edge. Unless given information contradicting such an explanation, infants infer that two identical objects are involved in the event, one traveling to the left and one to the right of the opening. These and related findings provide the basis for a model of young infants' responses to occlusion events; alternative models are also discussed.     

A Longitudinal Study of Partners of Deployed Personnel From the Netherlands' Armed Forces

We examined the longitudinal relationships among work–family conflict, general life stress, social isolation, and psychological distress of partners of deployed military personnel. Regression analyses revealed that psychological distress experienced in early stages of deployment predicted psychological distress at later stages of deployment. After controlling for the effects of earlier psychological distress, partners who reported higher levels of work–family conflict and social isolation reported higher levels of psychological distress, particularly within that stage of the deployment cycle. Finally, we found that reports of life stress influenced psychological distress experiences before deployment but not at any other time in the deployment cycle.     

场景情境和目标模板在视觉搜索中的交互作用

以真实场景图像中的物体搜索为实验任务, 操纵场景情境和目标模板, 采用眼动技术将搜索过程分为起始阶段、扫描阶段和确认阶段, 考察场景情境和目标模板对视觉搜索过程的影响机制。结果发现, 场景情境和目标模板的作用方式及时间点不同, 二者交互影响搜索的正确率和反应时, 仅场景情境影响起始阶段的时间, 随后二者交互影响扫描阶段和确认阶段的时间及主要眼动指标。作者由此提出了场景情境和目标模板在视觉搜索中的交互作用模型。     

繁殖笼内川金丝猴社群结构的研究

记录了繁殖笼内川金猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)成员之间发生的攻击和屈服行为的指向和次数,采用计算优势指数的方法,对数据进行统计和分析。通过优势指数的排列,以及与之有关事件的分析,结果表明繁殖笼内川金丝猴成员之间存在优势等级关系,但不是简单的线性排列;成员之间存在着有弹性的,有回旋余地的,复杂的社会网。     

恒河猴在繁殖笼内的等级结构

有关非人灵长类社群结构的问题,国外已多有研究。许多学者认为无论在野外,或是在捕后(笼养)条件下进行观察都发现只要有几只动物在一起,形成一个群,那末群内的个体之间必然形成等级关系,而这种等级关系是线性排列的。换句话说,如果一群有A、B、C、D、E五只动物的话,它们的等级关系就是这样排列的:A>B>C>D>E。     

Experimental validation of two MIQ scales

Two Minnesota Importance Questionnaire (MIQ) scales, Creativity and Independence were validated by experiment. Subjects were exposed to four task conditions representing joint combinations of high or low levels of Creativity and Independence. As a behavioral criterion of preference, subjects were then required to work for 12 sessions, each session under any (of the four) task condition of their choice. The behavioral results were consistent with the subjects' MIQ score levels on the two scales, thereby validating the scales.     

论罗马天主教关于世界与人的新神学

梵二会议以天主爱他的受造物为出发点,抛弃了仅仅推崇天国而一味否定和贬低世俗世界、人和人的努力的传统立场,肯定了世界上的好的价值以及人的主观努力并赞美世界的进步和人的智慧的积极成果,指出真理的源头在天主,随着真理的发展,世界与天国互相渗透,最终合而为一。同时,梵二会议认为世界和人有或好或坏两种前途,因而必须求得教会的帮助归向天主。