军人心理素质的自我养成

军人心理素质的自我养成是打赢信息化战争的客观要求。健康的体魄、一定的文化程度、日益增强的自主意识、强烈的成长意愿,促使心理素质的自我养成成为可能。军人心理素质的自我养成,必须通过强化意识、提高自我养成能力、优化环境和拓宽渠道等途径实现。     

Applicant impression management in job interview: The moderating role of interviewer affectivity

In light of the organizational need to obtain talented personnel, an appropriate evaluation of applicant behaviour in the selection interview is crucial. Extending past research on applicant use of impression management (IM) tactics, this study examines the effects of a broad set of IM tactics in a field setting, and also investigates the moderating roles of two rarely tested interviewer characteristics: interviewer positive affectivity (PA) and negative affectivity (NA). Due to the nested nature of the data, consisting of 142 job applicants and 33 interviewers, we adopt hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) to examine the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that three IM tactics (self‐focused IM, SFIM; other‐focused IM, OFIM; and non‐verbal IM, NVIM) are significantly positively related to interviewer evaluations. Furthermore, interviewer PA appears to strengthen the positive effects of SFIM tactics on interviewer evaluations, while the effects of NVIM tactics may be weaker when interviewers are high in NA. In addition, these findings suggest the importance of interviewer trait affectivity in explaining interviewer's decision‐making variability, which may lead to low inter‐rater reliability and in turn restrict the level of achievable validity.     

Applicability of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Job Seeker Intentions to Use Job‐Search Websites

Although use of the Internet for job searching is rapidly increasing, the motivations for using electronic recruitment (e‐recruitment) services by job seekers have seldom been addressed. Derived from the extended theory of planned behavior, this study develops a research model for the empirical examination of factors affecting job seeker intentions to use job‐search websites. Utilizing data collected from 174 participants in Taiwan, various relationships in the research model are tested using structural equation modeling approach. The results showed that job seeker attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control significantly affected their intentions to use job‐search websites. Also, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use showed a significant effect on attitude, interpersonal influence on subjective norm, and perceived ease of use and self‐efficacy on perceived behavioral control. However, external influence was found to be an insignificant predictor of subjective norm. In addition to providing further insight into the factors that influence job seeker intentions to use job‐search websites, this study offers valuable suggestions for subsequent research and practitioners investigating the use of e‐recruitment services.     

论罗马天主教关于世界与人的新神学

梵二会议以天主爱他的受造物为出发点,抛弃了仅仅推崇天国而一味否定和贬低世俗世界、人和人的努力的传统立场,肯定了世界上的好的价值以及人的主观努力并赞美世界的进步和人的智慧的积极成果,指出真理的源头在天主,随着真理的发展,世界与天国互相渗透,最终合而为一。同时,梵二会议认为世界和人有或好或坏两种前途,因而必须求得教会的帮助归向天主。     

The Zhuangist views on emotions

In this article, I will look into the Zhuangist views on emotions. I will argue that the psychological state of the Zhuangist wise person is characterized by emotional equanimity accompanied by a general sense of calmness, ease, and joy. This psychological state is constitutive of and instrumental to leading a good life, one in which one wanders the world and explores the plurality of daos. To do so, I will first provide an overview of the scholarly debate on this issue and unveil the disconcerting disagreement that underlies it. Then, I will survey some passages in the Zhuangzi and sketch my interpretation of the Zhuangist views on emotions. Next, I will examine the theoretical foundation for this interpretation by referencing the Zhuangist pluralism and their conception of the good life. Finally, I will look into some potential objections to the Zhuangist views on emotions and attempt responses to them.     

进化心理学视角中的腐败行为及心理机制

腐败作为全世界普遍关注的焦点问题,不同领域学者针对腐败行为产生原因与对策进行探讨。普遍认为制度、权力、文化等因素是腐败行为产生的重要原因,个别研究涉及到腐败主体的内在心理。进化心理学从进化和适应的视角对人类行为发生及心理内在特征具有终极解释度。因此,本文在前人研究的基础上,基于进化心理学的独特视角,从个体生命史历程(如童年创伤、贫穷经历等)去揭示腐败行为产生的心理机制。     

Effects of the Teacher Versus Students Game on Teacher Praise and Student Behavior

The Teacher versus Students Game is a variation of the Good Behavior Game (Barrish et al. in J Appl Behav Anal 2:119–124, 1969.  https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1969.2-119) in which students compete against the teacher to earn points and win the game. Students earn points when they follow rules, whereas the teacher earns points when they do not. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the game decreased students’ off-task behaviors while increasing teachers’ use of behavior-specific praise. Participants were five teachers and fifteen students (some with disabilities and some without) across five fourth and fifth grade elementary school general education classrooms, who were identified by their teachers as engaging in frequent off-task behavior. Results indicated that the game decreased off-task behavior for all students. The game also increased teachers’ use of behavior-specific praise statements, minimally increased general praise statements, and decreased corrective statements for all but one of the teachers.     

The Metaphysics of Degrees

Degree‐sentences, i.e. sentences that seem to refer to things that allow of degrees, are widely used both inside and outside of philosophy, even though the metaphysics of degrees is much of an untrodden field. This paper aims to fill this lacuna by addressing the following four questions: [A] Is there some one thing, such that it is degree sensitive? [B] Are there things x, y, and z that stand in a certain relation to each other, viz. the relation that x has more y than z? [C] In those cases in which degree sentences do not refer to phenomena that are degree sensitive, what is responsible for their prima facie seeming to do so? [D] If there are degree sensitive things, to which ontological categories do they belong? We answer each of these questions by arguing that there are, metaphysically speaking, different phenomena that degree sentences refer to: some refer to determinates that emanate from a certain determinable, others to tokens that are instantiations of a certain type, and yet others to what we call ‘complex, resultant properties that are constituted by stereotypical properties’. Finally, we show the relevance of our answers by applying them to the notions of freedom and belief.