投身实地:实践观的近世形态及其现代启示

作为一种系统而有力的思想论说,中国政治文化中的实践观在儒学近世化过程中逐渐凸显并得到强化.它透过文化上与佛老、法家现实主义和汉唐儒学的竞争明确了自身的入世价值取向与正当道德基础.作为这种价值取向的担当者,儒家士大夫在近世政治中的主体意识上升,更加强调将学术与实践结合的使命感,积极投身于改革主义主导的政治参与和社会改造.他们表现出非常自觉的实践意识,其观念以天理与实践、道德实践与政治实践为核心议题,在实理实学的前提下蕴含着超越意识与批判精神.理学与事功学代表的两种实践观模式则体现出儒学内部关于德性论、知行论与体用论的认识两歧性.以近世模式为背景,现代实践论经历了巨大而深刻的转型,意识形态与实践的关系愈趋复杂,实践的主体、范围、方式和精神气质表现出历史的延续与转变.其中,实践迷思对于当下心智的影响值得深入检讨.     

为发展马克思主义的宗教学而奋斗

为怀念任继愈先生创建“中国无神论学会”和创办《科学与无神论》杂志的重大成就，我们重发任继愈先生于1979年发表于《哲学研究》第四期的《为发展马克思主义的宗教学而奋斗》一文。该文曾被指责在批判四人帮问题上不是在比喻、借用的意义上使用“宗教”这个词，而是把个人崇拜“真的看成是一种新的宗教”。指责该文“提出用‘批判宗教神学’、‘大力宣传无神论’来‘扫除宗教’的口号也同样是荒唐”。随着此文的被指责，无神论宣传也就陷入困境，从那时算起。三十年过去了。三十年来，有神论、无神论双方的或经验或教训都是可以总结、也应该总结的。而要总结，这篇文章就是一个开始。关于这篇文章，我们在这里要说的仅仅是两句话：第一，该文明确指出：林彪、四人帮“不是宗教徒和神学家，也没有公开宣传宗教神学”。第二，该文主张批判宗教神学，大力宣传无神论是真的，但并没有主张“扫除宗教”。     

Is the Splash Red?

Ball (2009) claims that without phenomenal concepts, the knowledge argument fails. In this article, I argue that Ball doesn’t succeed in proving his claim. The reason is that the Marianna case is not a case where the acquisition of the concept required for entertaining a phenomenal belief content Q alone is sufficient for Marianna, given enough physical information about her environment, to infer Q.     

急性心肌梗死患者小动脉弹性指数水平与各项危险因素的关系

探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者小动脉弹性指数（C2）水平与各项风险因素的关系。纳入我院心血管内科于2010年1月～2013年7月间收治的AMI患者,并纳入同期入院的不稳定心绞痛（UA）患者作为对照组,收集相关临床资料,比较不同C2水平与相关指标的关联性发现：C2等11项危险因素存在显著差异,经多因素Logistic回归...     

Uncovering Substantive Patterns in Student Responses in International Large-Scale Assessments—Comparing a Latent Class to a Manifest DIF Approach

In this study, we contrast results from two differential item functioning (DIF) approaches (manifest and latent class) by the number of items and sources of items identified as DIF using data from an international reading assessment. The latter approach yielded three latent classes, presenting evidence of heterogeneity in examinee response patterns. It also yielded more DIF items with larger effect sizes and more consistent item response patterns by substantive aspects (e.g., reading comprehension processes and cognitive complexity of items). Based on our findings, we suggest empirically evaluating the homogeneity assumption in international assessments because international populations cannot be assumed to have homogeneous item response patterns. Otherwise, differences in response patterns within these populations may be under-detected when conducting manifest DIF analyses. Detecting differences in item responses across international examinee populations has implications on the generalizability and meaningfulness of DIF findings as they apply to heterogeneous examinee subgroups.     

Magnetic-field dependence of nucleation undercoolings in non-magnetic metallic melts

The nucleation undercoolings of non-magnetic metals like paramagnetic aluminium in high magnetic fields were measured by the differential thermal analysis technique. It was shown that the nucleation undercooling of pure aluminium increased with increasing the magnetic field, while its melting temperature was hardly changed. Based on the model of magnetic dipoles at the interface, it is proposed that the magnetic-field-induced interfacial energy mainly contributes to the increase in undercooling. The change in undercooling in the magnetic field is calculated theoretically, which is in comparison with experimental data. Additionally, the inhibition of atom diffusion in the magnetic field plays a role in the change of undercooling.     

We‐commerce: Exploring factors influencing online group‐buying intention in Taiwan from a conformity perspective

Group buying is a relatively new online consumption practice. Consumers negotiate product or service prices with businesses to obtain low prices or an increased number of products. This study investigates factors influencing online group‐buying intention from a conformity perspective. An online survey is used to sample 650 online group buyers in Taiwan. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is applied to examine the hypotheses within the theoretical framework. Analytical results indicate that social factors (online recommendations, media recommendations, and personal recommendations) positively affect social influence and online group‐buying intention. Individual factors (compliance and attention‐to‐social‐comparison‐information) positively affect social influence and conformity. Psychological factors (financial risk, performance risk, and social risk) negatively affect online group‐buying intention, and are positively correlated with social influence and conformity. Furthermore, social influence (informational influence and normative influence) are positively correlated with conformity and online group‐buying intention. Social influence and conformity are positively correlated with online group‐buying intention. Finally, implications of analytical findings are discussed.     

我是谁?——人际间多感觉刺激下的识脸错觉

识脸错觉是在人际间同步多感觉刺激下将他人面孔感知为自我面孔的一种主观体验。继Tsakiris报告了识脸错觉现象之后,研究者通过选取不同的刺激呈现方式、不同的被试,重点对被试的主观体验、行为反应两个方面进行了考察,并得到了大量新的研究成果;发现年龄、性别及内部敏感性是影响识脸错觉强度的重要因素,右侧颞顶联合区、顶内沟和枕下回的神经活动与被试主观报告的错觉体验强度相关。未来识脸错觉研究应侧重于研究策略的多样化并为生物特征识别中新模态的选择提供理论支持。此外,同步多感觉刺激技术的开发与应用将会对自我新面孔认同训练具有重要意义。     

Age Differences in the Variance of Personality Characteristics

In contrast to mean‐level comparisons, age group differences in personality trait variance have received only passing research interest. This may seem surprising because individual differences in personality characteristics are exactly what most of personality psychology is about. Because different proposed mechanisms of personality development may entail either increases or decreases in variance over time, the current study is exploratory in nature. Age differences in variance were tested by comparing the standard deviations of the five‐factor model domain and facet scales across two age groups (20 to 30 years old versus 50 to 60 years old). Samples from three cultures (Estonia, the Czech Republic and Russia) were employed, and two methods (self‐reports and informant‐reports) were used. The results showed modest convergence across samples and methods. Age group differences were significant for 11 of 150 facet‐level comparisons but never consistently for the same facets. No significant age group differences were observed for the five‐factor model domain variance. Therefore, there is little evidence for individual differences in personality characteristics being systematically smaller or larger in older as opposed to younger people. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding personality development. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology