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111.
Suomi SJ van der Horst FC van der Veer R 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2008,42(4):354-369
On the basis of personal reminiscences an account is given of Harlow’s role in the development of attachment theory and key
notions of attachment theory are being discussed. Among other things, it is related how Harlow arrived at his famous research
with rhesus monkeys and how this made Harlow a highly relevant figure for attachment theorist Bowlby.
Stephen J. Suomi is Head of the Laboratory of Comparative Ethology at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) in Bethesda, Maryland. He became well-known for his research on the biobehavioral development of rhesus monkeys and other nonhuman primate species. He authored over 300 published articles in refereed scientific journals and chapters in edited volumes. Among his current interest are the interactions between genetic and environmental factors that shape individual developmental trajectories. Frank C.P. van der Horst is a Ph.D. student and Lecturer at the Centre for Child and Family Studies at Leiden University, The Netherlands. The work presented in this special issue is part of his doctoral thesis on the roots of Bowlby’s attachment theory. The defence of this thesis, titled John Bowlby and ethology: a study of cross-fertilization, is scheduled for early 2009. René van der Veer is Professor of History of Educational Thinking at Leiden University, The Netherlands. His research addresses the work of key educational thinkers such as Gal’perin, Janet, Piaget, Vygotsky, Werner, and Wallon. In a longer study the origin of the idea of the social mind was traced. He is on the Editorial Board of Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences. 相似文献
Frank C. P. van der HorstEmail: |
Stephen J. Suomi is Head of the Laboratory of Comparative Ethology at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) in Bethesda, Maryland. He became well-known for his research on the biobehavioral development of rhesus monkeys and other nonhuman primate species. He authored over 300 published articles in refereed scientific journals and chapters in edited volumes. Among his current interest are the interactions between genetic and environmental factors that shape individual developmental trajectories. Frank C.P. van der Horst is a Ph.D. student and Lecturer at the Centre for Child and Family Studies at Leiden University, The Netherlands. The work presented in this special issue is part of his doctoral thesis on the roots of Bowlby’s attachment theory. The defence of this thesis, titled John Bowlby and ethology: a study of cross-fertilization, is scheduled for early 2009. René van der Veer is Professor of History of Educational Thinking at Leiden University, The Netherlands. His research addresses the work of key educational thinkers such as Gal’perin, Janet, Piaget, Vygotsky, Werner, and Wallon. In a longer study the origin of the idea of the social mind was traced. He is on the Editorial Board of Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences. 相似文献
112.
Do 18-month-olds understand that an agent's false belief can be corrected by an appropriate, though not an inappropriate, communication? In Experiment 1, infants watched a series of events involving two agents, a ball, and two containers: a box and a cup. To start, agent1 played with the ball and then hid it in the box, while agent2 looked on. Next, in agent1's absence, agent2 moved the ball from the box to the cup. When agent1 returned, agent2 told her "The ball is in the cup!" (informative-intervention condition) or "I like the cup!" (uninformative-intervention condition). During test, agent1 reached for either the box (box event) or the cup (cup event). In the informative-intervention condition, infants who saw the box event looked reliably longer than those who saw the cup event; in the uninformative-intervention condition, the reverse pattern was found. These results suggest that infants expected agent1's false belief about the ball's location to be corrected when she was told "The ball is in the cup!", but not "I like the cup!". In Experiment 2, agent2 simply pointed to the ball's new location, and infants again expected agent1's false belief to be corrected. These and control results provide additional evidence that infants in the second year of life can attribute false beliefs to agents. In addition, the results suggest that by 18 months of age infants expect agents' false beliefs to be corrected by relevant communications involving words or gestures. 相似文献
113.
Infants' reasoning about others' false perceptions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prior research suggests that children younger than age 3 or 4 do not understand that an agent may be deceived by an object's misleading appearance. The authors asked whether 14.5-month-olds would give evidence in a violation-of-expectation task that they understand that agents may form false perceptions. Infants first watched events in which an agent faced a stuffed skunk and a doll with blue pigtails; the agent consistently reached for the doll, suggesting that she preferred it over the skunk. Next, while the agent was absent, the doll was hidden in a plain box, and the skunk was hidden in a box with a tuft of blue hair protruding from under its lid. Infants expected the agent to be misled by the tuft's resemblance to the doll's hair and to falsely perceive it as belonging to the doll. These and other results indicate that 14.5-month-old infants can already reason about agents' false perceptions. 相似文献
114.
当代中国的诸民主实践形式与理论证明关注的都是治道民主,治道民主替代了政道民主而发生了僭越.现代民主只能是政道民主基础上的治道民主,缺乏政道民主支持的民主形式是伪民主.种种仅仅落在治道层面的民主形式与种种反对民主的主张,将中国的民主实践推向了一个十字路口,使中国的民主在理论上显得混乱,在实践上走上歧路.分析中国百年来三波民主浪潮,必须首先确立起民主的宪政法治内涵,才足以告别扭曲民主,步入民主政治殿堂. 相似文献
115.
后世存在有证据吗?我们能否与亡者进行沟通?他们的存在是否具有一定的形式呢?是“脱离肉体的灵魂”或是“无实体的精神”?这是个古老的问题,它事关信仰永生和强烈的对不朽的渴望。科学能否调查和揭示那些基于有神论信仰者利益的声明吗?回答是肯定的。科学在尽其所能来回应这些声称时要面对不仅仅是宗教学家们所倡导的灵魂不朽和天堂许诺等内容对人们的深刻影响,还要迎接来自媒体和公众的艰巨的挑战,媒体不断追求轰动效应,庞大的公众群体迷恋于此类现象。 相似文献
116.
Detecting impossible changes in infancy: a three-system account 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Can infants detect that an object has magically disappeared, broken apart or changed color while briefly hidden? Recent research suggests that infants detect some but not other 'impossible' changes; and that various contextual manipulations can induce infants to detect changes they would not otherwise detect. We present an account that includes three systems: a physical-reasoning, an object-tracking, and an object-representation system. What impossible changes infants detect depends on what object information is included in the physical-reasoning system; this information becomes subject to a principle of persistence, which states that objects can undergo no spontaneous or uncaused change. What contextual manipulations induce infants to detect impossible changes depends on complex interplays between the physical-reasoning system and the object-tracking and object-representation systems. 相似文献
117.
118.
119.
Journal of Religion and Health - Research on posttraumatic experiences has focused heavily on emotional experiences based on predetermined psychopathological standards. In contrast, victims’... 相似文献
120.
Are 15-month-old infants able to detect a violation in the consistency of an event sequence that involves pretense? In Experiment 1, infants detected a violation when an actor pretended to pour liquid into one cup and then pretended to drink from another cup. In Experiment 2, infants no longer detected a violation when the cups were replaced with objects not typically used in the context of drinking actions, either shoes or tubes. Experiment 3 showed that infants' difficulty in Experiment 2 was not due to the use of atypical objects per se, but arose from the novelty of seeing an actor appearing to drink from these objects. After receiving a single familiarization trial in which they observed the actor pretend to drink from either a shoe or a tube, infants now detected a violation when the actor pretended to pour into and to drink from different shoes or tubes. Thus, at an age (or just before the age) when infants are beginning to engage in pretend play, they are able to show comprehension of at least one aspect of pretense in a violation-of-expectation task: specifically, they are able to detect violations in the consistency of pretend action sequences. 相似文献