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981.
Camila Maroni Marques Freire de Medeiros Eder Pinheiro Arantes Rafael Dib de Paulo Tajra Hendrio Reginaldo Santiago André Ferrer Carvalho 《Psychology, health & medicine》2017,22(5):570-577
Resilience and religiosity have received attention as an important process in the experience and management of chronic comorbidities; however, there is no study evaluating resilience in hemodialysis patients and its association with other psychological dimensions or with treatment adherence. This observational prospective study assessed resilience (25 item Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale), religiosity under three dimensions (organizational, non-organizational and intrinsic) using DUREL scale, depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and health-related quality of life (Short Form-36 questionnaire). The main outcomes were medication adherence using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAR-8) and the missing/shortened dialysis sessions in the following six months. Of 208 patients approached, 202 (97.1%) agreed to participate. One hundred twenty-three patients (60.9%) were males and mean age was 52.8 ± 14.8 years-old. The median time on hemodialysis was 36 months (IQR, 12, 84). 82 (40.6%) patients obtained a MMAS-8 score <6 and were considered as having ‘poor adherence’. Overall, the mean score of medication adherence was low (5.7 ± 2.1). About adherence to hemodialysis sessions, patients missed a total of 234 (1.6%) hemodialysis sessions. Forty-eight patients (23.7%) missed an average of at least three sessions in six months. Regarding adherence to medication, there was no association in the uni- or multivariate analysis between religiosity dimensions and MMAS-8 score. After adjustment, resilience was positively associated with MMAS-8 score (standardized β coefficient .239, p = .016). Organized and intrinsic religiosity were associated with adherence to dialysis sessions (standardized β coefficient .258, p = .004 and .231, p = .026, respectively). Interestingly, opposite to medication adherence, more resilient patients were associated with less adherence to hemodialysis sessions (standardized β coefficient ?.296, p = .001). Religiosity was associated with dialysis adherence but not with medication adherence. Resilience was associated with higher medication adherence but lower adherence to dialysis sessions. 相似文献
982.
Helge Schlüns Helena Welling Julian René Federici Lars Lewejohann 《Animal cognition》2017,20(2):233-241
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are prone to judge an ambiguous stimulus negatively if they had been agitated through shaking which simulates a predator attack. Such a cognitive bias has been suggested to reflect an internal emotional state analogous to humans who judge more pessimistically when they do not feel well. In order to test cognitive bias experimentally, an animal is conditioned to respond to two different stimuli, where one is punished while the other is rewarded. Subsequently a third, ambiguous stimulus is presented and it is measured whether the subject responds as if it expects a reward or a punishment. Generally, it is assumed that negative experiences lower future expectations, rendering the animals more pessimistic. Here we tested whether a most likely negatively experienced formic acid treatment against the parasitic mite Varroa destructor also affects future expectations of honey bees. We applied an olfactory learning paradigm (i.e., conditioned proboscis extension response) using two odorants and blends of these odorants as the ambiguous stimuli. Unlike agitating honey bees, exposure to formic acid did not significantly change the response to the ambiguous stimuli in comparison with untreated bees. Overall evidence suggests that the commonest treatment against one of the most harmful bee pests has no detrimental effects on cognitive bias in honey bees. 相似文献
983.
José G. Funes S.J. 《Theology & Science》2017,15(2):139-141
Stephen Hawking leaves us with the ancient hospitality dilemma: do we welcome ETIs as immigrants or build a wall to keep them away? 相似文献
984.
985.
986.
987.
María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes José Jesús Gázquez Linares María Dolores Ruiz Fernández María del Mar Molero Jurado 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2017,17(1):56-64
Background/Objective: Alzheimer-type dementia is one of the most frequent causes of dependence in an aging population, which combines with a considerable demand for care. Furthermore, when the caregiver is a family member or person without specialized training, such care impacts on that person's health. The Inventory of Overburden in Alzheimer's Patient Family Caregivers with no Specialized Training (IPSO-CA24) was designed to find out the needs of these caregivers and evaluate the caregiver's burden or distress. Method: The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were analyzed (in a reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory analysis) based on the responses of 255 caregivers. Results: The factor analyses showed a six-factor structure (Reaction to diagnosis, Physical health, Psychological symptomatology (caretaker), Behavioral symptomatology (patient), Knowledge of the illness, and Level of dependence) explaining 66.52% of the total variance with a reliability of .75 to .93. Support was also found for its convergent validity. Conclusions: The IPSO-CA24 responds to the need for an instrument enabling multidimensional evaluation of the burden on the family caregiver without specialized training. 相似文献
988.
989.
Ziadni MS Patterson CA Pulgarón ER Robinson MR Barakat LP 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):335-344
The objective of this study was to examine resilience among adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD), focusing on the interaction
of health-related quality of life with stress processing to explain adaptive behavior. Forty-four adolescents with SCD completed
paper-and-pencil measures of health-related quality of life, appraisals (hope), pain coping strategies (e.g. adherence), and
adaptive behavior. Self-reported health-related quality of life was significantly associated with adaptive behavior, as was
adherence. Findings for moderation were mixed. Pain coping strategies moderated the association of health-related quality
of life with adaptive behavior such that at lower levels of Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) Adherence, better quality
of life was associated with higher adaptive behavior. Similarly, at higher levels of hope, better quality of life was associated
with higher adaptive behavior, and poorer quality of life was associated with lower adaptive behavior. Adolescents with SCD
showed resilience, particularly in terms of personal adjustment, that may be explained by their appraisals and stress processing
strategies. Interventions to support an optimistic or hopeful outlook and improve adherence to recommendations for medical
management of sickle cell pain may result in improved resilience/adaptive behavior. 相似文献
990.
The aim of this work is to examine the pentafactorial validity of the AF5 Self-Concept Questionnaire in Spanish and Chilean young adults. From the responses of a total of 4,383 young adults aged 17 to 22 years (1,918 Spanish, 44%, and 2,465 Chilean, 56%) it was analyzed the reliability of the instrument, the compared validity of the 5 oblique factor model proposed by the authors versus the unifactorial and the orthogonal alternative models, and was studied the invariance of one Chilean sample. The results of confirmatory factor analyses supported the authors' pentafactorial model. The multi-group factorial invariance showed that Chilean sample of the AF5 does not change neither the Spanish factor weights, nor the variances and covariances of the factors, or the error variances of items. Finally, the internal consistency of the five scales was good in the samples of both countries. 相似文献