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171.
Regina Gerede Zorodzai Machekanyanga Serigne Ndiaye Kenneth Chindedza Colline Chigodo Messeret E. Shibeshi James Goodson Fussum Daniel Reinhard Kaiser 《Journal of religion and health》2017,56(5):1692-1700
A worldwide increasing trend toward vaccine hesitancy has been reported. Measles outbreaks in southern Africa in 2009–2010 were linked to objections originating from Apostolic gatherings. Founded in Zimbabwe in the 1950s, the Apostolic church has built up a large number of followers with an estimated 3.5 million in Zimbabwe in 2014. To inform planning of interventions for the 2015 measles–rubella vaccination campaign, we assessed vaccination status and knowledge, attitudes and practices among purposive samples of Apostolic caregivers in three districts each in Harare City, Manicaland and Matabeleland South in Zimbabwe. We conducted structured interviews among 97 caregivers of children aged 9–59 months and collected vaccination status for 126 children. Main Apostolic affiliations were Johanne Marange (53%), Madida (13%) and Gospel of God (11%) with considerable variation across assessment areas. The assessment also showed considerable variation among Apostolic communities in children ever vaccinated (14–100%) and retention of immunization cards (0–83%) of ever vaccinated. Overall retention of immunization cards (12%) and documented vaccination status by card (fully vaccinated = 6%) were low compared to previously reported measures in the general population. Mothers living in monogamous relationships reported over 90% of all DTP-HepB-Hib-3, measles and up to date immunizations during the first life year documented by immunization card. Results revealed opportunities to educate about immunization during utilization of health services other than vaccinations, desire to receive information about vaccinations from health personnel, and willingness to accept vaccinations when offered outside of regular services. Based on the results of the assessment, specific targeted interventions were implemented during the vaccination campaign, including an increased number of advocacy activities by district authorities. Also, health workers offered ways and timing to vaccinate children that catered to the specific situation of Apostolic caregivers, including flexible service provision after hours and outside of health facilities, meeting locations chosen by caregivers, using mobile phones to set up meeting locations, and documentation of vaccination in health facilities if home-based records posed a risk for caregivers. Coverage survey results indicate that considerable progress has been made since 2010 to increase vaccination acceptability among Apostolic communities in Zimbabwe. Further efforts will be needed to vaccinate all Apostolic children during routine and campaign activities in the country, and the results from our assessment can contribute toward this goal. 相似文献
172.
ERP correlates of auditory negative priming 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Negative priming refers to slowed down reactions when the distractor on one trial becomes the target on the next. Following two popular accounts, the effect might be due either to inhibitory processes associated with the frontal cortex, or to an ambiguity in the retrieval of episodic information. We used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to identify the processing stage primarily associated with negative priming. In an auditory categorization task, reactions in negative priming trials were compared to reactions in a standard control (unrelated primes and probes) and a repetition control (attended prime=ignored probe) condition. Reactions were slower for negative priming than for standard control (Delta32 ms) and repetition control trials (Delta64 ms). The corresponding ERP effect was reflected in an attenuation of a sustained parietal positivity extending from 300 to 600 ms. Because corresponding ERP components were found to be sensitive to stimulus recognition and familiarity, the results may be interpreted to support an episodic retrieval account of negative priming. 相似文献
173.
Word lists are most commonly used in the investigation of human memory. To prevent transfer effects, repeated measures of
memory for words require multiple lists of different words. Yet, the psycholinguistic properties of all word lists employed
should match as closely as possible to avoid confounding with the independent variable(s) in question. Although comprehensive
databases for word norms exist, to our knowledge no tool is available that automates the creation of such equivalent word
lists. Instead, matching different lists is often accomplished prima facie. We have therefore developed a Windows program
called EQUIWORD that completely automates the creation of word lists that are truly parallel with respect to a wide range
of attributes. EQUIWORD takes psycholinguistic databases of different formats as input and computes several coefficients of
distance for every possible word pairing. Program output consists of a list of all word pairs sorted according to their distance.
On that basis, creating equivalent word lists is simply done by selecting the pairs with the lowest distance coefficients. 相似文献
174.
175.
Ho MH Regenwetter M Niederée R Heyer D 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2005,31(2):365-373
D. von Winterfeldt, N.-K. Chung, R. D. Luce, and Y. Cho (1997) provided several tests for consequence monotonicity of choice or judgment, using certainty equivalents of gambles. The authors reaxiomatized consequence monotonicity in a probabilistic framework and reanalyzed von Winterfeldt et al.'s main experiment via a bootstrap method. Their application offers new insights into consequence monotonicity as well as into von Winterfeldt et al.'s 3 experimental paradigms: judged certainty equivalents (JCE), QUICKINDIFF, and parameter estimation by sequential testing (PEST). For QUICKINDIFF, the authors found no indication of violations of "random consequence monotonicity." This sharply contrasts the findings of von Winterfeldt et al., who concluded that axiom violations were the most pronounced under that procedure. The authors found potential evidence for violations in JCE and certainty equivalents derived from PEST. 相似文献
176.
We give an overview of recent results in ordinal analysis. Therefore,we discuss the different frameworks used in mathematical proof-theory, namely subsystem of analysis including reversemathematics, Kripke–Platek set theory, explicitmathematics, theories of inductive definitions,constructive set theory, and Martin-Löfs typetheory. 相似文献
177.
Temporal order relations in language comprehension 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
van der Meer E Beyer R Heinze B Badel I 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2002,28(4):770-779
The role of temporal orientation (chronological or reverse) and chronological distance (close, intermediate, or distant) in general event knowledge on language comprehension was examined. Experiment 1 used a relation-recognition paradigm in which the comprehension of a target event could be facilitated or disrupted by the temporal orientation implied by the prior information. Experiments 2 and 3 used a sentence-probe-recognition paradigm in which the temporal orientation, the stimulus onset asynchrony, and the chronological distance between the sentence event and the probe event were manipulated. The results demonstrated that readers used temporal information conveyed by their knowledge to construct situation models while comprehending sentences. The internal temporal dimension appeared to be directional and reflected the chronological distance between everyday events. 相似文献
178.
Andreas Hergovich Reinhard Schott Christoph Burger 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(3):188-209
The present paper investigated whether academic psychologists show a tendency to rate the quality and appropriateness of scientific
studies more favorably when results and conclusions are consistent with their own prior beliefs (i.e., confirmation bias).
In an online experiment, 711 psychologists completed a questionnaire (e.g., about their belief in astrology) and evaluated
research that was presented in form of a short abstract in which 40 different behaviors (e.g., alcohol consumption, willingness
to share money) have been tried to be predicted. The research to be evaluated varied on three dimensions which were all manipulated
between subjects: (1) the predictors of the 40 behaviors (either Big Five or astrological factors), (2) the methodological
quality of the study (low, medium, high), and (3) the results and subsequent conclusion of the study (confirmation or disconfirmation
of the hypotheses). Factor-analyzed scores of participants’ ratings on 8 scales, resulting in 2 factors termed quality and
appropriateness, served as dependent measures. The main result of the study is a two-way interaction: Psychologists tended
to evaluate results qualitatively higher when they conformed to their own prior expectations, as in this case, when astrological
hypotheses were disconfirmed. 相似文献
179.
180.
Reinhard Plassmann 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2016,32(1):83-97
This article first describes some of the general principles by which according to the latest concepts mental processing is accomplished: a transformative, self-organizational approach driven by emotion and is intersubjective.From this the basic principles for the treatment technique can be derived, which systematically differentiates between content interpretation and process interpretation. Objects of process interpretation are observable transformation events of the traumatic material during consultations, their success and destruction. Process interpretations restore the blocked processing abilities of the patient and in this way also prepare for the possibility to work with content interpretation. 相似文献