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11.
The Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse (SKAD) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reiner Keller 《Human Studies》2011,34(1):43-65
The article presents the sociology of knowledge approach to discourse (SKAD). SKAD, which has been in the process of development
since the middle of the 1990s, is now a widely used framework among social scientists in discourse research in the German-speaking
area. It links arguments from the social constructionist tradition, following Berger and Luckmann, with assumptions based
in symbolic interactionism, hermeneutic sociology of knowledge, and the concepts of Michel Foucault. It argues thereby for
a consistent theoretical and methodological grounding of a genuine social sciences perspective on discourse interested in
the social production, circulation and transformation of knowledge, that is in social relations and politics of knowledge
in the so-called ‘knowledge societies’. Distancing itself from Critical Discourse Analysis, Linguistics, Ethnomethodology
inspired discourse analysis and the Analysis of Hegemonies, following Laclau and Mouffe, SKAD’s framework has been built up
around research questions and concerns located in the social sciences, referring to public discourse and arenas as well as
to more specific fields of (scientific, religious, etc.) discursive struggles and controversies around “problematizations”
(Foucault). 相似文献
12.
Reiner Kaschel 《Estudios de Psicología》2018,39(2-3):378-406
AbstractEpisodic memory problems are the hallmark of cognitive ageing in normal elderly people. Learning of new material is worse in pathological cognitive ageing, such as dementia and its preliminary states (mild cognitive impairment). Because episodic learning is crucial to preserve independent living in the elderly, rehabilitation programmes for everyday memory problems are welcomed. The scope of scientific interest has switched from treatment to prevention. We claim that lifestyle interventions are the most direct way to preserve cognition. We summarize evidence for changes in nutrition and exercise. In addition, psychological interventions for elderly people with normal or pathological cognitive ageing are available. Recent meta-analyses found lacking evidence of transfer to everyday life and long-term effects. We critically assess these meta-analyses. We propose theoretically derived experimental interventions relying on spared learning mechanisms. As an example we report visual-imagery training showing positive effects in a randomized control trial, using individual memory diaries on memory improvement. 相似文献
13.
Summer M. Reiner Robert A. Dobmeier Thomas J. Hernández 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2013,91(2):174-183
Counselor educators (N= 378) provided their viewpoints regarding the impact of counselor identity on professional advancement and recognition. Respondents indicated that counselors, the American Counseling Association, and other counseling organizations are responsible for advocacy of the counseling profession. Collaboration among counselors for the development of a single coherent message is necessary for advocacy efforts aimed at congressional Medicare leaders, managed care organizations, state licensing boards, and allied professions. 相似文献
14.
Reiner Hedrich 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2002,33(1):23-60
Requirements for a Fundamental Physical Theory. The search for a so-called ‘Theory of Everything’ which should lead to the unification of all fundamental forces is seen,
at present, as a matter of priority within theoretical high-energy physics. Some physicist identify this Theory of Everything
today with aspecific type of superstring theory or its intended conceptual continuation, called M-Theory. The objective of
this article is the discussion of the requirements a fundamental physical theory has to comply with. This question can only
be clarified if one takes into account that the claim that a physical theory is all-encompassing takes forgranted some tacit
prerequisites which concern the conceptual and epistemological foundations of science and, not least, the question for the
realizability of its reductionistic unity.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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The steady state of a simple reaction system has been shown to have some of the properties of a psychophysical discrimination system, including the possibility of deducing a generalized Weber-Fechner Law, both in integral form and in difference form. The Weber ratio so deduced is not constant, and its dependence on stimulus intensity is exhibited. The dependence of the difference limen on the internal threshold is discussed; it is found that in general there is a finite value of this threshold for which response is impossible. This critical threshold is lower for higher values of the reference stimulus intensity. Similarly, it is shown that the difference limen and the Weber ratio, for a fixed value of the threshold, become infinite (i.e., discrimination is impossible) for a value of the stimulus intensity which in general is finite. 相似文献
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Nancy Cartwright relies upon an inference pattern known as inference to the best causal explanation (IBCE) to support a limited
form of entity realism, according to which we are warranted in believing in entities that purportively cause observable effects.
IBCE, as usually understood, is valid, even though all other forms of inference to the best explanation (IBE) are usually
understood to be invalid. We argue that IBCE and IBE are in the same boat with respect to their ability to support realist
conclusions. Either rule can be interpreted as valid, this is a matter of semantic convention. However, doing so deprives
the rule of the empirical content the realist needs, requiring the realist to find independent warrant for a strong (theoretical
or causal) premise. We then examine the proposed means of obtaining this warrant, and find them as inadequate in the case
of IBCE as they are in the case of IBE. 相似文献
19.
Reiner Hedrich 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2007,38(2):261-278
String theory is at the moment the only advanced approach to a unification of all interactions, including gravity. But, in
spite of the more than 30 years of its existence, it does not make any empirically testable predictions, and it is completely
unknown which physically interpretable principles could form the basis of string theory. At the moment, “string theory” is
no theory at all, but rather a labyrinthic structure of mathematical procedures and intuitions. The only motivations for string
theory consist in the mutual incompatibility of the standard model of quantum field theory and of general relativity as well
as in the metaphysics of the unification program of physics, aimed at a final unified theory of all interactions, including
gravity. The article gives a perspective on the problems leading to and resulting from this situation.
相似文献
Reiner HedrichEmail: Email: |
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