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231.
Hausenblas Heather A. Janelle Christopher M. Gardner Rebecca Ellis Hagan Amy L. 《Sex roles》2002,47(11-12):569-575
The purpose of this study was to examine high and low body dissatisfied (BD) men's and women's in-task emotional responses to the acute exposure of sex-specific physique slides of the aesthetic ideal (i.e., ideal slides) and themselves (i.e., self-slides). Participants were 35 male and 30 female university students who reported their immediate in-task emotional responses (i.e., pleasure and arousal) to viewing the self- and ideal slides. It was found that the (a) high BD women reported the least amount of pleasure while viewing the self- and ideal slides; (b) women reported less pleasure while viewing the self-slides than did the men; (c) The high BD group reported less pleasure while viewing the self- vs. the ideal slides than did the low BD group, and (d) the high BD men reported the most arousal of any of the groups while viewing the self- and ideal slides. The differing emotional responses of the men and women and the high and low BD groups to viewing the self- vs. ideal slides are discussed, and future research directions are suggested. 相似文献
232.
233.
Christopher Norris 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2002,33(2):289-321
This article examines Hilary Putnam's work in the philosophy of mathematics and - more specifically - his arguments against mathematical realism or objectivism. These include a wide range of considerations, from Gödel's incompleteness-theorem and the limits of axiomatic set-theory as formalised in the Löwenheim-Skolem proof to Wittgenstein's sceptical thoughts about rule-following (along with Saul Kripke's ‘scepticalsolution’), Michael Dummett's anti-realist philosophy of mathematics, and certain problems – as Putnam sees them – with the conceptual foundations of Peano arithmetic. He also adopts a thought-experimental approach – a variant of Descartes' dream scenario – in order to establish the in-principle possibility that we might be deceived by the apparent self-evidence of basic arithmetical truths or that it might be ‘rational’ to doubt them under some conceivable (even if imaginary) set of circumstances. Thus Putnam assumes that mathematical realism involves a self-contradictory ‘Platonist’ idea of our somehow having quasi-perceptual epistemic ‘contact’ with truths that in their very nature transcend the utmost reach of human cognitive grasp. On this account, quite simply, ‘nothing works’ in philosophy of mathematics since wecan either cling to that unworkable notion of objective (recognition-transcendent) truth or abandon mathematical realism in favour of a verificationist approach that restricts the range of admissible statements to those for which we happen to possess some means of proof or ascertainment. My essay puts the case, conversely, that these hyperbolic doubts are not forced upon us but result from a false understanding of mathematical realism – a curious mixture of idealist and empiricist themes – which effectively skews the debate toward a preordained sceptical conclusion. I then go on to mount a defence of mathematical realism with reference to recent work in this field and also to indicate some problems – as I seethem – with Putnam's thought-experimental approach as well ashis use of anti-realist arguments from Dummett, Kripke, Wittgenstein, and others. 相似文献
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235.
Claudia Lampman Brenda Rolfe-Maloney Eric John David Mandy Yan Nick McDermott Stefanie Winters Jennifer Davis Rebecca Lathrop 《Sexuality & culture》2002,6(4):3-21
Because television has the potential to shape cultural beliefs about both sexual norms and appropriate workplace behavior,
it seems important to examine TV’s portrayal of “sexual etiquette” in the workplace. In a content analysis of two episodes
of every primetime comedy aired on all broadcast and cable networks during fall 2000, we coded every sexual remark and behavior
made in a workplace scene. Across all networks, 85 percent of programs and one in four workplace interactions contained some
type of sexual content. Overall, a viewer is likely to hear eleven sexual remarks and see two to three sexual behaviors in
a workplace setting per hour; this jumps to twenty-three remarks and nine behaviors on cable networks. Sexual remarks were
mostly explicit, made in an office setting, by White men, and were rarely (1.4%) about sexual harassment or discrimination.
Although sexual content in the workplace was generally less common on broadcast than cable networks, a broadcast network (Fox)
actually had the highest overall rate, with sexual content in 38 percent of workplace scenes. Given that research suggests
that TV teaches youth about sexuality and cultivates sexual attitudes and beliefs consistent with televised portrayals, it
is alarming that youth may learn from television that sex in the workplace is not only commonplace, but also to be tolerated
and enjoyed. 相似文献
236.
Robin L. Bennett Barbara J. Pettersen Kristin B. Niendorf Rebecca Rae Anderson 《Journal of genetic counseling》2003,12(4):287-295
The National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) supports the development of practice recommendations (guidelines) in the field of genetic counseling. This paper reviews the basic components of NSGC genetic counseling practice recommendations as well as the process for formal adoption of such documents, as approved by the Board of Directors of the NSGC. 相似文献
237.
238.
Hennighausen KH Hauser ST Billings RL Schultz LH Allen JP 《The Journal of early adolescence》2004,24(1):29-44
Adolescent ego-development trajectories were related to close-relationship outcomes in young adulthood. An adolescent sample completed annual measures of ego development from ages 14 through 17. The authors theoretically determined and empirically traced five ego-development trajectories reflecting stability or change. At age 25, the sample completed a close-relationship interview and consented for two peers to rate the participants'ego resiliency and hostility. Participants who followed the profound-arrest trajectory in adolescence reported more mundane sharing of experiences, more impulsive or egocentric conflict-resolution tactics, and less mature interpersonal understanding in their young adult relationships, and their young adult peers described these participants as more hostile. Participants who attained or maintained higher levels of ego development in adolescence reported more complex sharing of experiences, more collaborative conflict-resolution strategies, and greater interpersonal understanding, and their young adult peers rated them as less hostile and as more flexible. 相似文献
239.
Gender discrimination has contributed to the gender imbalance in scientific fields. However, research on the effects of informing adolescent girls about gender discrimination in these fields is rare and controversial. To examine the consequences of learning about gender-based occupational discrimination, adolescent girls ( n = 158, ages 11 to 14) were randomly assigned to either (a) a standard intervention program aimed at increasing girls' interest in science or (b) a nearly identical program that included information about gender discrimination. Girls' interest in, and attitudes toward, science were assessed using a pre/post design. Only girls who learned about gender discrimination showed increases in science self-efficacy and belief in the value of science; interest in scientific fields was unaffected by the intervention programs. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed. 相似文献
240.
David A. Brent Grace Moritz Jeff Bridge Joshua Perper Rebecca Canobbio 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》1996,26(3):253-259
The psychiatric sequelae of loss of a family member to suicide were evaluated in parents and siblings of adolescent suicide victims and controls, who were followed up to 3 years after the suicide. Siblings did not show an increased risk for the development of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or other conditions over the course of follow-up, despite showing a prolonged elevated level of grief symptomatology. Mothers showed an increased rate of recurrence of depression over follow-up, whereas fathers did not show an increased incidence of disorder compared to fathers of controls. The interrelationship of bereavement and depression for siblings, parents, and others exposed to suicide is discussed. 相似文献