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201.
Lorraine Hope Rebecca Mullis Fiona Gabbert 《Journal of applied research in memory and cognition》2013,2(1):20-24
Accurately recalling a complex multi-actor incident presents witnesses with a cognitively demanding retrieval task. Given the important role played by temporal context in the retrieval process, the current research tests an innovative timeline technique to elicit information about multiple perpetrators and their actions. Adopting a standard mock witness paradigm, participants were required to provide an account of a witnessed event. In Experiment 1, the timeline technique facilitated the reporting of more correct details than a free recall, immediately and at a two-week retention interval, at no cost to accuracy. Accounts provided using the timeline technique included more correct information about perpetrator specific actions and fewer sequencing errors. Experiment 2 examined which mnemonic components of the timeline technique might account for these effects. The benefits of exploiting memory organization and reducing cognitive constraints on information flow are likely to underpin the apparent timeline advantage. 相似文献
202.
Rebecca Lynn Winer 《Jewish History》2002,16(1):15-48
This article investigates the guardianship of fatherless children (orphans) in one of the most important Jewish communities of the thirteenth-century realms of Aragon, the aljama of the town of Perpignan. After reviewing some ideals of Solomon ben Abraham ibn Adret of Barcelona, as expressed in his responsa, the article focuses on documents of practice. This documentary basis includes royal charters, Latin wills of Jewish testators, and 148 unedited transactions generated by eighteen panels of guardians between 1266 and 1286, described in an analytical table at the end of the article. The practical evidence reveals that guardians usually served as a group, panels comprised close relatives of the wards and men who were distinguished in their community through official service. Case studies expose the dynamics within these panels and establish that the orphans' widowed mother usually acted as the group's leader. A comparison with her Christian counterpart places the rights and responsibilities of the Jewish widowed mother guardian into relief. Although not autonomous, Jewish widowed guardians were highly effective caretakers of their fatherless children. The idealized view of the Jewish widow held by her medieval contemporaries as helpless and in need of special care from the men of her community enabled already capable widows to benefit from the financial aid of community leaders who otherwise might not have been so keen to foster these women's legal and financial agency. 相似文献
203.
Hausenblas Heather A. Janelle Christopher M. Gardner Rebecca Ellis Hagan Amy L. 《Sex roles》2002,47(11-12):569-575
The purpose of this study was to examine high and low body dissatisfied (BD) men's and women's in-task emotional responses to the acute exposure of sex-specific physique slides of the aesthetic ideal (i.e., ideal slides) and themselves (i.e., self-slides). Participants were 35 male and 30 female university students who reported their immediate in-task emotional responses (i.e., pleasure and arousal) to viewing the self- and ideal slides. It was found that the (a) high BD women reported the least amount of pleasure while viewing the self- and ideal slides; (b) women reported less pleasure while viewing the self-slides than did the men; (c) The high BD group reported less pleasure while viewing the self- vs. the ideal slides than did the low BD group, and (d) the high BD men reported the most arousal of any of the groups while viewing the self- and ideal slides. The differing emotional responses of the men and women and the high and low BD groups to viewing the self- vs. ideal slides are discussed, and future research directions are suggested. 相似文献
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Claudia Lampman Brenda Rolfe-Maloney Eric John David Mandy Yan Nick McDermott Stefanie Winters Jennifer Davis Rebecca Lathrop 《Sexuality & culture》2002,6(4):3-21
Because television has the potential to shape cultural beliefs about both sexual norms and appropriate workplace behavior,
it seems important to examine TV’s portrayal of “sexual etiquette” in the workplace. In a content analysis of two episodes
of every primetime comedy aired on all broadcast and cable networks during fall 2000, we coded every sexual remark and behavior
made in a workplace scene. Across all networks, 85 percent of programs and one in four workplace interactions contained some
type of sexual content. Overall, a viewer is likely to hear eleven sexual remarks and see two to three sexual behaviors in
a workplace setting per hour; this jumps to twenty-three remarks and nine behaviors on cable networks. Sexual remarks were
mostly explicit, made in an office setting, by White men, and were rarely (1.4%) about sexual harassment or discrimination.
Although sexual content in the workplace was generally less common on broadcast than cable networks, a broadcast network (Fox)
actually had the highest overall rate, with sexual content in 38 percent of workplace scenes. Given that research suggests
that TV teaches youth about sexuality and cultivates sexual attitudes and beliefs consistent with televised portrayals, it
is alarming that youth may learn from television that sex in the workplace is not only commonplace, but also to be tolerated
and enjoyed. 相似文献
207.
Robin L. Bennett Barbara J. Pettersen Kristin B. Niendorf Rebecca Rae Anderson 《Journal of genetic counseling》2003,12(4):287-295
The National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) supports the development of practice recommendations (guidelines) in the field of genetic counseling. This paper reviews the basic components of NSGC genetic counseling practice recommendations as well as the process for formal adoption of such documents, as approved by the Board of Directors of the NSGC. 相似文献
208.
Over the past years, important advances in the cognitive–behavioral treatment of social phobia have taken place. There is wide evidence that demonstrates exposure is an effective treatment for social phobia. However, some research has noticed that exposure has limitations in treating this disorder. In clinical practice we find patients who do not achieve marked reductions in anxiety using this technique. One of the mechanisms that can be involved is the use of in‐situation safety behaviors, which patients use to prevent the feared consequences in social situations. The aim of this study is to present a single case study where we compare the improvement achieved using exposure alone versus exposure dropping in‐situation safety behaviors. The social phobic patient improved significantly when exposure was combined with the drop of in‐situation safety behaviors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Hennighausen KH Hauser ST Billings RL Schultz LH Allen JP 《The Journal of early adolescence》2004,24(1):29-44
Adolescent ego-development trajectories were related to close-relationship outcomes in young adulthood. An adolescent sample completed annual measures of ego development from ages 14 through 17. The authors theoretically determined and empirically traced five ego-development trajectories reflecting stability or change. At age 25, the sample completed a close-relationship interview and consented for two peers to rate the participants'ego resiliency and hostility. Participants who followed the profound-arrest trajectory in adolescence reported more mundane sharing of experiences, more impulsive or egocentric conflict-resolution tactics, and less mature interpersonal understanding in their young adult relationships, and their young adult peers described these participants as more hostile. Participants who attained or maintained higher levels of ego development in adolescence reported more complex sharing of experiences, more collaborative conflict-resolution strategies, and greater interpersonal understanding, and their young adult peers rated them as less hostile and as more flexible. 相似文献