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881.
Rebecca W. Y. Wong 《Deviant behavior》2017,38(11):1290-1302
Why would a consumer trust that his/her supplier would honor their agreement in illegal transactions? What mechanisms do consumers rely on to enhance the credibility of their agreements? In this article, these questions are examined in the light of illegal transactions of protected wildlife in China for consumption as a delicacy. Based on interviews with actors involved in this illegal market and open sources, this article shows that consumers rely on the supplier’s reputation to access protected wildlife, along with their reputation of having the culinary skills necessary to cook the wildlife in order to enhance the credibility of their agreements. 相似文献
882.
Rebecca Allenby Terry Dobbs Kate Diesfeld Shyamala Nada Raja Denise Wilson Jane Koziol-McLain 《Ethics & behavior》2017,27(1):26-42
The significant co-occurrence between men’s violence against female partners and child abuse and neglect is well documented. It is less clear how child safety should be managed in family violence research with their mothers. This issue is salient to isafe, a New Zealand–based Internet intervention study testing improvement in safety decisions and mental health outcomes for women experiencing intimate partner violence. This article discusses the legislative, professional, and ethical considerations that contribute to the development of the child safety protocols and discusses the development of the isafe protocol. Hypothetical scenarios of the application of the isafe protocol are used to illuminate the issues and provide a basis for future discussion. 相似文献
883.
Rebecca A. Blackie 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2017,30(2):202-218
Background: Post-event processing (PEP) refers to negative and prolonged rumination following anxiety-provoking social situations. Although there are scales to assess PEP, they are situation-specific, some targeting only public-speaking situations. Furthermore, there are no trait measures to assess the tendency to engage in PEP. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to create a new measure of PEP, the Post-Event Processing Inventory (PEPI), which can be employed following all types of social situations and includes both trait and state forms. Design and method: Over two studies (study 1, N?=?220; study 2, N?=?199), we explored and confirmed the factor structure of the scale with student samples. Results: For each form of the scale, we found and confirmed that a higher-order, general PEP factor could be inferred from three sub-domains (intensity, frequency, and self-judgment). We also found preliminary evidence for the convergent, concurrent, discriminant/divergent, incremental, and predictive validity for each version of the scale. Both forms of the scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency and the trait form had excellent two-week test–retest reliability. Conclusion: Given the utility and versatility of the scale, the PEPI may provide a useful alternative to existing measures of PEP and rumination. 相似文献
884.
Lauren Penwell-Waines Kimberly Lewis Abbey Valvano Suzanne Smith Rebecca Rahn Lara Stepleman 《Psychology, health & medicine》2017,22(2):205-211
The nature of multiple sclerosis (MS) presents challenges to health-promoting behaviors (e.g. adherence) and quality of life. The Health Promotion Model (HPM) proposes that these outcomes are explained by individual characteristics (i.e. biological, social, psychological) and behavior-specific cognitions (e.g. self-efficacy). The current study sought to test the HPM in explaining self-reported adherence and MS quality of life among 121 MS patients receiving care in an MS clinic in the southeastern United States. Hierarchical regression models partially supported the HPM for adherence (R2 = .27) and more fully for quality of life (QoL) (R2 = .64). Depression and stigma were among the variables most strongly related to both adherence and QoL; contrary to HPM theory, self-efficacy was not significantly related to adherence but was to QoL. Thus, the HPM may help to guide strategies used to improve QoL among individuals living with MS; however, the model may need further refinement to be used with adherence. 相似文献
885.
This study elucidates genetic influences on reflexive (as opposed to sustained) attention in children (aged 9–16 years; N = 332) who previously participated as infants in visual attention studies using orienting to a moving bar (Dannemiller, 2004). We investigated genetic associations with reflexive attention measures in infancy and childhood in the same group of children. The genetic markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms and variable number tandem repeats on the genes APOE, BDNF, CHRNA4, COMT, DRD4, HTR4, IGF2, MAOA, SLC5A7, SLC6A3, and SNAP25) are related to brain development and/or to the availability of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, dopamine, or serotonin. This study shows that typically developing children have differences in reflexive attention associated with their genes, as we found in adults (Lundwall, Guo & Dannemiller, 2012). This effort to extend our previous findings to outcomes in infancy and childhood was necessary because genetic influence may differ over the course of development. Although two of the genes that were tested in our adult study (Lundwall et al., 2012) were significant in either our infant study (SLC6A3) or child study (DRD4), the specific markers tested differed. Performance on the infant task was associated with SLC6A3. In addition, several genetic associations with an analogous child task occurred with markers on CHRNA4, COMT, and DRD4. Interestingly, the child version of the task involved an interaction such that which genotype group performed poorer on the child task depended on whether we were examining the higher or lower infant scoring group. These findings are discussed in terms of genetic influences on reflexive attention in infancy and childhood. 相似文献
886.
Sanne Roelofs Eimear Murphy Haifang Ni Elise Gieling Rebecca E. Nordquist F. Josef van der Staay 《Animal cognition》2017,20(4):739-753
Biases in judgement of ambiguous stimuli, as measured in a judgement bias task, have been proposed as a measure of the valence of affective states in animals. We recently suggested a list of criteria for behavioural tests of emotion, one of them stating that responses on the task used to assess emotionality should not be confounded by, among others, differences in learning capacity, i.e. must not simply reflect the cognitive capacity of an animal. We performed three independent studies in which pigs acquired a spatial holeboard task, a free choice maze which simultaneously assesses working memory and reference memory. Next, pigs learned a conditional discrimination between auditory stimuli predicting a large or small reward, a prerequisite for assessment of judgement bias. Once pigs had acquired the conditional discrimination task, optimistic responses to previously unheard ambiguous stimuli were measured in the judgement bias task as choices indicating expectation of the large reward. We found that optimism in the judgement bias task was independent of all three measures of learning and memory indicating that the performance is not dependent on the pig’s cognitive abilities. These results support the use of biases in judgement as proxy indicators of emotional valence in animals. 相似文献
887.
Virginia Aglieri Rebecca Watson Cyril Pernet Marianne Latinus Lúcia Garrido Pascal Belin 《Behavior research methods》2017,49(1):97-110
One thousand one hundred and twenty subjects as well as a developmental phonagnosic subject (KH) along with age-matched controls performed the Glasgow Voice Memory Test, which assesses the ability to encode and immediately recognize, through an old/new judgment, both unfamiliar voices (delivered as vowels, making language requirements minimal) and bell sounds. The inclusion of non-vocal stimuli allows the detection of significant dissociations between the two categories (vocal vs. non-vocal stimuli). The distributions of accuracy and sensitivity scores (d’) reflected a wide range of individual differences in voice recognition performance in the population. As expected, KH showed a dissociation between the recognition of voices and bell sounds, her performance being significantly poorer than matched controls for voices but not for bells. By providing normative data of a large sample and by testing a developmental phonagnosic subject, we demonstrated that the Glasgow Voice Memory Test, available online and accessible from all over the world, can be a valid screening tool (~5 min) for a preliminary detection of potential cases of phonagnosia and of “super recognizers” for voices. 相似文献
888.
The unique and interactive contributions of past externalizing behavior, negative parenting, and teacher-child relationship quality to externalizing behavior trajectories after the transition to school were examined. In a sample of 283 children, random regression analyses indicated that conflict in the teacher-child relationship during the school transition contributed to faster rates of increase in externalizing behavior from kindergarten through third grade above and beyond negative parenting and initial levels of externalizing behavior. A significant interaction between teacher-child closeness and the externalizing behavior intercept indicated that decreases in externalizing behavior were associated with teacher-child closeness, especially for children with the highest levels of externalizing behavior upon school entry. Family socioeconomic status and initial levels of classroom externalizing behavior in kindergarten were also significant contributors to the prediction of externalizing behavior trajectories. 相似文献
889.
This study compared aggressive and nonaggressive students on narcissism and self-esteem scores. Three hundred and seventy
students (176 boys and 194 girls) from three schools in Singapore participated in the study. The age range of students was
from ten years to 17 years with a mean of 12.23 years (SD = 1.52). Consistent with our hypothesis, aggressive students scored significantly higher on narcissism compared to nonaggressive
students. Also, as expected, aggressive and nonaggressive students did not differ significantly with respect to self-esteem
scores. These findings contribute to a growing body of research that aggression is closely associated with narcissism for
adults as well as children and adolescents, using an Asian sample. In addition, these results also provide some preliminary
support that narcissism and high self-esteem though somewhat superficially similar, are distinct constructs conceptually and
empirically. Aggression is closely associated with narcissism, and for the aggressive child or adolescent, it may be more
beneficial to target intervention efforts towards having accurate self-appraisals rather than promoting an already grandiose
self-image further. 相似文献
890.
Douglas Herrmann Virgil Sheets Michael Gruneberg Rebecca Torres 《Applied cognitive psychology》2005,19(7):821-841
Previous research with memory questionnaires has been interpreted as showing that people do not recall their memory failures accurately. The present research consisted of three investigations that examined whether participants' reports of memory failures were corroborated by their spouses. These investigations used a greater variety of statistical and survey methods than were used in previous investigations. The results demonstrated that people are able to recall memory failures more accurately than previous research indicated. These results have important methodological and theoretical implications for basic and applied assumptions about what people know about their memory failures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献