The role of phonology in a letter detection task

In two experiments, we investigated whether onsets and rimes have a role in the processing of written English. In both experiments, participants detected letter targets (e.g., t) in nonwords like vult faster than in nonwords like vust. This finding is consistent with Selkirk's (1982) view that sonorants (e.g., the /l/ of vult) cohere with preceding short vowels and are part of the vowel nucleus. In contrast, the /t/ of vust is part of the syllable's coda st and so is harder to isolate. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the time required for one to detect single-member codas following vowel digraphs (e.g., the t in veet) was similar to the time to detect the same target letter following a postvocalic sonorant (e.g., the t in vult). No evidence was found for onsets. The results provide support for a phonological organization among letters of printed rimes.     

Sinful flesh: Sexual objectification threatens women's moral self

The current investigation examined whether sexual objectification leads to perceived contamination in women victims, which, in turn, triggers sinful feelings. The results of three experiments provide converging support for these predictions. Female participants reported greater sinful feelings than their non-objectified counterparts, after receiving objectifying comments on their physical appearance from an alleged male partner (Experiment 1) or recalling a past experience of objectification (Experiments 2 and 3). Furthermore, perceived contamination mediated the effect of objectification on sinful feelings. We also found that perceived personal responsibility of being objectified moderated the above effects, such that the effects were only observed among participants who perceived themselves as highly responsible for objectification experience, but not among those who perceived low personal responsibility. These findings contribute to the literature by explaining why objectification elicits sinful feelings in female victims and who is more susceptible to this influence.     

An Investigation of College Students’ Perceptions of Academic Dishonesty,Reasons for Dishonesty,Achievement Goals,and Willingness to Report Dishonest Behavior

This study investigated students’ perceptions of their own and their peers’ academic dishonesty (AD), their reasons for this dishonesty, their achievement goals, and their willingness to report AD (WRAD) within a Chinese cultural context. The results identified students’ belief that their peers had a greater likelihood of engaging in AD and had more motivation to do so than did the students themselves. Gender and academic major did not affect students’ WRAD. However, students were significantly more willing to report classmates than friends. In terms of the participants’ self-perceptions and peer perceptions concerning motivations for AD, more female students cited the lack of penalties as the reason for their own and their peers’ AD, whereas male students more frequently cited their lack of attention to schoolwork as the reason for their own AD. In contrast to students in the social sciences, business students more frequently cited inadequate capabilities as the reason for their AD, and engineering students more frequently attributed their AD to self-interest. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that three motivations for AD (opportunism, inadequacy, and self-promotion) could positively predict AD, whereas mastery-approach goals could negatively predict AD.     

Enhanced perceptual priming for neutral stimuli in a traumatic context: A pathway to intrusive memories?

Clinical observations suggest that re-experiencing symptoms are triggered by stimuli that are perceptually similar to those present shortly before the trauma or its worst moments. Two experiments investigated the possible role of perceptual priming in this phenomenon. Volunteers (N = 28, N = 62) watched a series of “traumatic” and neutral picture stories, and completed blurred object identification (priming) and recognition memory tasks. Neutral objects that immediately preceded the “traumatic” stories were more strongly primed, but not better recognised, than objects from neutral stories. Enhanced priming predicted subsequent re-experiencing symptoms. The results support the role of perceptual priming in re-experiencing.     

达尔文学说的膨胀与收缩

达尔文学说不仅能解释物种为什么是今天这个样子,而且还能解释人类为什么不能摆脱某些疾病。这说明达尔文学说已经成功地进入了医学领域。但达尔文学说所解释的演化是无方向、无目标的,而生物的进化却显然是有方向的,所以,对这一根本的进化问题,达尔文学实际上没有做出回答。     

守范?失范?——作为参照点的社会规范对决策行为的影响

作为参照点的社会规范指个体为实现群体目标保持活动一致性所建立起来的、视为决策与判断标准的规范。社会规范研究经历了从完全理性到有限理性的转变过程。其对决策行为影响的解释机制包括预期理论、后悔理论、"齐当别"抉择模型、程数说和三参照点理论等,能较好解释避税、见死不救与医患冲突等现象。今后研究注意结合社会认知角度,实现研究思想与范式的转变,侧重探索多重参照点、群体决策机制,丰富跨文化研究等,为转型期的守范与失范行为提供科学的解释。     

论荀子的德性教化思想

荀子从人性趋恶角度构建了自己的德性教化理论.恶在礼仪法度的制约下不仅可以改变,而且必须改变,经过教化"涂之人可以为禹".德性教化实乃"化性起伪",而伪是针对情的,只有对情进行矫正,才能对人性教化,情为教化之基;礼为教化之则,道德教化是个人遵守礼仪规范及人自身德性的自我迁化的过程,以心对礼以治情,从而以人的智识促进德性的提升;养为教化之方,以礼乐养情,陶冶、涵养人之德性,促进人的道德自觉.荀子的德性教化思想对我们今天的思想道德教育具有重要的启发意义.     

孟德斯鸠中国国民性思想探析

孟德斯鸠依据社会现象本身,从气候决定论出发,归纳了不同气候、不同政体下国民的"一般性格",概括出中国家国同构的组织形式,中国国民群体本位、道德本位的价值取向,以及怯懦服从、宽仁温厚、勤劳俭约等人格特征,并深入地分析了产生中国国民性之根源.其思想开西方思想家批判中国国民劣根性之滥觞,奠定了近现代中西方讨论中国国民性的基本话语框架.