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981.
Raymond L. Majeres 《Memory & cognition》1977,5(4):468-476
Most interpretations of sex differences on clerical speed tests have emphasized the role of rapid perception of details and shifts in attention. Some have emphasized comparison and decision processes. Sex differences in speeded, successive matching were studied in four experiments with college students. The experimental task involved the successive identification of stimulus items presented in lists by tapping matching items on response cards. Sex differences were found to be related to response-card content and not to stimulus-list content. When the identification response involved tapping words, colors, or directional symbols, females were significantly faster than males; however, when the identification response involved tapping shapes, no significant sex differences were found. Results indicated that sex differences in some aspect of short-term memory may also be involved. Earlier interpretations of sex differences on speeded matching tasks in terms of such global concepts as perceptual speed are believed to be inadequate. An alternative explanation is discussed emphasizing verbal encoding, memory, and evaluation processes. 相似文献
982.
Raymond Briggs 《Memory & cognition》1974,2(4):607-612
Using both recognition and recall responses, confusion and intrusion errors were obtained for briefly exposed 11-letter strings. The patterns of errors were sharply dependent upon experimental variables. In Experiment I Ss made auditory and visual intrusions with recall, but neither with recognition. In Experiment II increasing exposure time and eliminating a poststimulus cue primarily increased auditory confusions. This suggests that auditory and visual confusions reflect strategy-contingentrecoding rather than modality-specificencoding. 相似文献
983.
Two major findings were obtained in a study of college students' recall of meaningful grammatical relations within sentences: (1) verb-object relations in object focus relative clauses were recalled less accurately than verb-object relations in subject focus relative clauses, thus supporting the hypothesis that permuted word order in certain relative clauses interferes with adequate encoding of underlying grammatical relations, and (2) subject-verb relations in nested sentences in which a relative clause intervened between subject and verb (nested sentences) were retained in memory as accurately as uninterrupted subject-verb relations (not nested sentences). 相似文献
984.
An economical point plotter interface is described for the PDP-12 computer. 相似文献
985.
Raymond F. Koopman 《Psychometrika》1983,48(4):639-641
A paradoxical implication of Kraemer's expression for the large-sample standard error of Brogden's form of the biserial correlation is identified, and a new expression is given which does not imply the paradox. However, numerical evidence is presented which calls into question the correctness of the expression. 相似文献
986.
The recognition and proper evaluation of Vietnam veterans' demonstrating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder syndromes is reviewed. The special problems of accurate diagnosis and assessment of former Vietnam combatants is emphasized. The forensic evaluation of Vietnam veterans' raising the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder syndrome in either civil or criminal proceedings is comprehensively discussed. The question “What are the clinical techniques necessary to accomplish a competent forensic evaluation of the Vietnam veterans?” is specifically addressed with special emphasis on legal dispositions and treatment implications. The relationship between the criminal acts of combat veterans and their exposure to the psychological trauma of war is explored. 相似文献
987.
988.
989.
Peter J. Urcuioli Raymond M. Klein James Day 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1981,29(4):343-351
Two closely related semantic processing tasks were studied under identical procedural conditions in order to examine lateral visual field effects on reaction times. In Experiment 1, reaction times did not differ as a function of visual field when subjects decided whether a lateral word was a member of a foveally presented category word (category membership task). On the other hand, reaction times were faster for right than for left visual field stimulus presentations when subjects decided whether two words, one lateral and one foveal, belonged to the same category (category matching task), although this advantage did not occur immediately. In Experiment 2, the laterality effect in the category matching task was studied as a function of word familiarity. Two groups of subjects performed the matching task for two blocks of trials, one group receiving the same word list in each block and the other receiving different lists. No visual field differences in reaction times were observed for either group during the first block of trials, but a distinct right field advantage appeared for both during the second block. The data from these experiments suggest that category matching strategies rely upon structures or processes localized in the left hemisphere, although their influence is not immediate. Category membership strategies, on the other hand, do not depend upon such localized structures. 相似文献
990.
The exact nature of cooperation — competition differences among children has remained obscure because the effect of individualistic motivation has important but unanalyzed influence on the frequency of cooperative and competitive responding. In order to clarify the nature of cultural differences in cooperation — competition, a novel social motive game was developed that provides distinct cooperative, competitive, and individualist alternatives. The measure was administered to 120 fourth-through sixth-grade Anglo-American and Mexican-American children of lower- and upper-middle-income levels. Consistent with previous research, Mexican-American children were generally more cooperative than Anglo-American children. Contrary to previous conclusions, however, individualism, not competition, was the strongest social motive among children, and Anglo-American children were generally more individualistic but not generally more competitive than Mexican-American children. Culture findings challenge both the methods and the results of previous cooperation — competition studies.The present research was partially supported by a University of California Intramural Research Grant No. 5-538404-19900-5. The authors are grateful to Jan Allison, Allen Binegar, and Robert Green for their assistance in the data collection. 相似文献