The Attractiveness of Panentheism—a Reply to Benedikt Paul Göcke

In his recent article in Sophia, Benedikt Paul Göcke concluded that ‘as long as we do not have a sound argument entailing the necessity of the world, panentheism is not an attractive alternative to classical theism’ (Benedikt Paul Göcke, ‘Panentheism and Classical Theism’, Sophia 52, no. 1 (2013): 75). As the article progresses, Göcke clarifies his view of what panentheism is, essentially identical to Göcke’s view of classical theism in every way, except in the world’s modal relation to God. This concept is vastly different to many of the panentheistic notions that are more commonly held. While it is not initially made transparent—especially with the label Göcke chooses to use—it becomes increasingly clear that Göcke critiques a God concept of his own making. More common variations of panentheism are contrasted with Göcke’s version, in order to provide a broader and more accurate view of the ancient concept, and to demonstrate that Göcke’s view of panentheism is idiosyncratic. It is finally explained that even if Göcke’s view of panentheism were definitive, he has not successfully argued for the relative unattractiveness of the concept, relative to his view of classical theism.     

《没有耶稣 没有上帝:关于一神论的科学的、历史的、哲学的证据的学术考察和讨论》

<正>这一本独特的著作,是对宗教的怀疑性学术探讨。它力图弥补流行的无神论著述和严格的学术探索之间的罅隙。尽量规避对宗教对社会的影响这种无休止的争论,该书仅专注于证据。第一部分主要揭示了耶稣并不存在。揭示了用于确立耶稣存在和基督教真理性的原始资料的欺骗性质,以及一些圣经学者所运用的欺骗方法。认为毫无疑问,基督信仰的真实性是不可能的。第二部分集中揭示了