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381.
382.
Margaret M. Richards Mark J. Bowers Tammy Lazicki Dan Krall Anne K. Jacobs 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(2):241-252
We examined behavioral markers of caregiver involvement and the ways in which family participation was related to treatment
outcomes in 47 elementary school children with SED enrolled in a school-based intensive mental health program. Measures of
caregiver involvement included therapeutic home visits, attendance at therapeutic meetings, completion of ratings on the daily
point sheet, and extra communications with the therapeutic team on the point sheet. Greater initial impairment was associated
with greater caregiver involvement. Greater caregiver involvement was linked to improvement in child thought processes, increased
ability to provide emotional and social supports for the child, and greater overall child functioning at discharge. Our findings
also reflected increased therapists’ attempts to provide additional in-home services in cases where caregivers demonstrated
a decline in their ability to provide for their children’s physical and material needs, or in which therapists discovered
that the family functioning was more impaired than what was initially assessed. We provide a case study that exemplifies many
of these findings. 相似文献
383.
Elhai JD Butcher JJ Reeves AN Baugher SN Gray MJ Jacobs GA Fricker-Elhai AE North TC Arbisi P 《Journal of personality assessment》2007,88(3):328-337
In this article, we combine two analogue experiments in which we empirically examined three malingering methodological issues in individuals trained and instructed to simulate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI; Briere, 1995). In Experiment 1, we examined TSI scale effects of the following manipulations using a 2 x 2 design with 330 college students: (a) inclusion or exclusion of cautionary instructions regarding believability of participants' simulation and (b) different financial incentive levels. In Experiment 2, we examined comorbid psychiatric diagnostic training with 180 college students who were either trained to simulate PTSD and comorbid major depressive disorder or trained to simulate only PTSD. Caution main effects were significant for all but two TSI Clinical Scales, incentive main effects and interactions were only significant for one Clinical scale each, and the comorbidity manipulation did not yield any scale differences. We discuss malingering research design implications regarding the use of cautionary instructions, financial incentive levels, and comorbid training. 相似文献
384.
Stress administered prior to encoding impairs neutral but enhances emotional long-term episodic memories 下载免费PDF全文
Payne JD Jackson ED Hoscheidt S Ryan L Jacobs WJ Nadel L 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2007,14(12):861-868
Stressful events frequently comprise both neutral and emotionally arousing information, yet the impact of stress on emotional and neutral events is still not fully understood. The hippocampus and frontal cortex have dense concentrations of receptors for stress hormones, such as cortisol, which at high levels can impair performance on hippocampally dependent memory tasks. Yet, the same stress hormones can facilitate memory for emotional information, which involves interactions between the hippocampus and amygdala. Here, we induced psychosocial stress prior to encoding and examined its long-term effects on memory for emotional and neutral episodes. The stress manipulation disrupted long-term memory for a neutral episode, but facilitated long-term memory for an equivalent emotional episode compared with a control condition. The stress manipulation also increased salivary cortisol, catecholamines as indicated by the presence of alpha-amylase, heart rate, and subjectively reported stress. Stressed subjects reported more false memories than nonstressed control subjects, and these false memories correlated positively with cortisol levels, providing evidence for a relationship between stress and false memory formation. Our results demonstrate that stress, when administered prior to encoding, produces different patterns of long-term remembering for neutral and emotional episodes. These differences likely emerge from differential actions of stress hormones on memory-relevant regions of the brain. 相似文献
385.
The impact of mothers' gender-role stereotypic beliefs on mothers' and children's ability perceptions. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The focus of this study is the relation between mothers' gender stereotypic beliefs, their perceptions of their children's abilities, and their children's self-perceptions in 3 activity domains. Approximately 1,500 mothers and their 11- to 12-year-old children responded to questions about the children's abilities in the math, sports, and social domains. It was predicted that mothers' beliefs about their children would be moderated by their gender stereotypic beliefs about the abilities of female and male people in general. As predicted, path analyses revealed that mothers' gender stereotypic beliefs interact with the sex of their child to influence their perceptions of the child's abilities. Mothers' perceptions, in turn, mediate the influence of past performance on children's self-perceptions in each domain. 相似文献
386.
387.
Three studies examined the impact of stereotype messages on men’s and women’s performance of a mental rotation task involving
imagined self-rotations. Experiment 1 established baseline differences between men and women; women made 12% more errors than
did men. Experiment 2 found that exposure to a positive stereotype message enhanced women’s performance in comparison with
that of another group of women who received neutral information. In Experiment 3, men who were exposed to the same stereotype
message emphasizing a female advantage made more errors than did male controls, and the magnitude of error was similar to
that for women from Experiment 1. The results suggest that the gender gap in mental rotation performance is partially caused
by experiential factors, particularly those induced by sociocultural stereotypes. 相似文献
388.
Nava R. Silton Kevin J. Flannelly Christopher G. Ellison Kathleen Galek Martha R. Jacobs John P. Marcum Faye J. Silton 《Review of religious research》2011,53(3):357-370
This study examines the association between various religious beliefs and practices and fears pertaining to death and dying
in a national sample of liberal Protestant U.S. adults. Data were analyzed from a 2002 survey of members and elders of the
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A) (N = 935). Four measures of religion were tested together in models predicting four end-of-life fears. Church attendance (p < .01), other church involvement (p < .05), and belief in life after death (p < .001) had negative associations with the fear of what happens after death. Private devotion was inversely related to the
fear of dying in pain (p < .05). Involvement in church activities (p < .05), aside from religious services, was inversely related to the fear of leaving loved ones behind. Females tended to
be more fearful than males of dying alone and dying in pain and older adults tended to be less fearful than younger adults
of the unknown and of leaving loved ones behind. 相似文献
389.
Vogt D Smith B Elwy R Martin J Schultz M Drainoni ML Eisen S 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2011,120(4):819-831
[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 120(4) of Journal of Abnormal Psychology (see record 2011-19996-001). In the article there was an error in the affiliation bylines for Rani Elwy and Susan Eisen. Their affiliations should have been listed as Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital and Department of Health Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health.] Prior research on risk factors for posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) in war-exposed Veterans has revealed both direct and indirect mechanisms of risk that span predeployment, deployment, and postdeployment timeframes. The aims of the present study were to identify the mechanisms through which previously documented risk factors contribute to PTSS in a national sample of 579 female and male Veterans deployed to Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) or to Iraq for Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), as well as to examine the extent to which results mirror associations observed among Vietnam Veterans (King, King, Foy, Keane, & Fairbank, 1999). Consistent with conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001), findings indicated that PTSS is accounted for by multiple chains of risk, many originating in predeployment experiences that place Veterans at risk for additional stress exposure, and foretell difficulty accessing resources in the face of subsequent stressors. Importantly, the majority of previously documented mechanisms were replicated in this study, suggesting key pathways through which risk factors may contribute to PTSS across different Veteran populations. Results also revealed a number of novel risk mechanisms for OEF/OIF female Veterans, particularly with respect to the role of deployment family relationships in risk for PTSS. 相似文献
390.
Arnaud Rey Pierre Courrieu Florian Schmidt-Weigand Arthur M. Jacobs 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(3):600-608
Standard factorial designs in psycholinguistics have been complemented recently by large-scale databases providing empirical
constraints at the level of item performance. At the same time, the development of precise computational architectures has
led modelers to compare item-level performance with item-level predictions. It has been suggested, however, that item performance
includes a large amount of undesirable error variance that should be quantified to determine the amount of reproducible variance
that models should account for. In the present study, we provide a simple and tractable statistical analysis of this issue.
We also report practical solutions for estimating the amount of reproducible variance for any database that conforms to the
additive decomposition of the variance. A new empirical database consisting of the word identification times of 140 participants
on 120 words is then used to test these practical solutions. Finally, we show that increases in the amount of reproducible
variance are accompanied by the detection of new sources of variance. 相似文献