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91.
Wendy D Donlin Todd W Knealing Mick Needham Conrad J Wong Kenneth Silverman 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2008,41(4):499-516
This study assessed whether attendance rates in a workplace predicted subsequent outcome of employment-based reinforcement of cocaine abstinence. Unemployed adults in Baltimore methadone programs who used cocaine (N = 111) could work in a workplace for 4 hr every weekday and earn $10.00 per hour in vouchers for 26 weeks. During an induction period, participants provided urine samples but could work independent of their urinalysis results. After the induction period, participants had to provide urinalysis evidence of cocaine abstinence to work and maintain maximum pay. A multiple regression analysis showed that induction period attendance was independently associated with urinalysis evidence of cocaine abstinence under the employment-based abstinence reinforcement contingency. Induction period attendance may measure the reinforcing value of employment and could be used to guide the improvement of employment-based abstinence reinforcement. 相似文献
92.
Randy O. Frost Gail Steketee David F. Tolin Stefanie Renaud 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(3):193-203
Few instruments are available to assess compulsive hoarding and severity of clutter. Accuracy of assessment is important to
understanding the clinical significance of the problem. To overcome problems associated with over- and under-reporting of
hoarding symptoms, the clutter image rating (CIR) was developed. This pictorial scale contains nine equidistant photographs
of severity of clutter representing each of three main rooms of most people’s homes: living room, kitchen, and bedroom. The
psychometric properties of this measure were examined in two studies. Internal consistency, test–retest, and interobserver
reliabilities were good and convergent validity with other questionnaire and interview measures was also good. The CIR correlated
more strongly with measures of clutter than with other hoarding and psychopathology scales. The CIR’s very brief pictorial
assessment method makes it useful in clinical and treatment contexts for measuring the clutter dimension of compulsive hoarding.
The Clutter Image Rating (CIR) is available in conjunction with the following publication: Steketee, G., & Frost, R.O. (2007).
Treatment of compulsive hoarding. New York: Oxford University Press at . 相似文献
93.
Michael W. Beets Randy Vogel Stanley Chapman Kenneth H. Pitetti Bradley J. Cardinal 《Sex roles》2007,56(1-2):125-131
In this study we examined the relationships among parental social supportive behaviors for children’s weekday and weekend
outdoor physical activity (OPA). Thirty-nine girls and 29 boys 8 to 11 years wore pedometers for 7 days. Sixty-five mothers
and 50 fathers responded to a social support questionnaire about OPA that was comprised of four dimensions: encouragement,
playing with, use of activity as family recreation, and watch. After controlling for age and sport participation, regression
analyses indicated that mothers’ use of activity as recreation was positively associated with girls’ weekday OPA. On the weekend,
fathers’ play with son was positively related to OPA. The effectiveness of family-based activity interventions depends on
when parents have opportunities to be present for their child’s activity and gender differences in the support provided. 相似文献
94.
The current study examined whether the association between the occurrence of negative events and increased engagement in risky behavior is moderated by maladaptive and/or adaptive coping strategies. At time 1, 411 adolescents (ages 14–19) from Yue Yang, Hunan, completed self-report measures assessing coping strategies, engagement in risky behaviors, and the occurrence of negative events. Once a month for the subsequent 6 months, adolescents completed measures assessing engagement in risky behaviors and the occurrence of negative events. In line with our hypotheses, results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that adolescents possessing high levels of maladaptive coping strategies reported greater engagement in risky behaviors following the occurrence of negative events than adolescents possessing low levels. In contrast to our hypotheses, the association between the occurrence of negative events and increased engagement in risky behavior was not moderated by adaptive coping strategies. 相似文献
95.
96.
Daphna Oyserman Ayse K. Uskul Nicholas Yoder Randy M. Nesse David R. Williams 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2007,43(3):505-512
Ample correlational evidence exists that perceived unfair treatment is negatively related to well-being, health, and goal striving but the underlying process is unclear. We hypothesized that effects are due in part to contextual priming of prevention focus and the negative consequences of chronic prevention-focused vigilance. Indeed, reasonable responses to unfair treatment—to avoid situations in which it occurs or if this is not possible, confront it head on—fit prevention self-regulatory focus response patterns. Results from three experiments support this notion. Priming stigmatized social category membership heightened students’ prevention (not promotion) focus (n = 117). Priming non-stigmatized social category membership (i.e., white) did not change prevention focus (n = 46). Priming prevention (not promotion) increased perceptions of unfair treatment (and aroused prevention-relevant fight or flight responses) in response to a negative ambiguous job situation among low and moderate income adults (n = 112). 相似文献
97.
98.
Low-dose caffeine discrimination and self-reported mood effects in normal volunteers. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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A caffeine versus placebo discrimination procedure was used to determine the lowest caffeine dose that could produce discrimination and self-reported mood effects in normal volunteers. During daily sessions under double-blind conditions, caffeine-abstinent subjects orally ingested a capsule containing 178 mg caffeine or placebo. Before beginning discrimination training, the compounds were identified to subjects by letter codes. Fifteen, 30, and 45 min after capsule ingestion, subjects guessed the capsule's letter code. Correct guesses at 45 min earned money. After each session, subjects received a supplementary capsule containing caffeine or placebo to ensure that, within each phase of the study, subjects received the same daily dose of caffeine equal to the training dose. Five of the 15 subjects acquired the caffeine versus placebo discrimination within the first 20 sessions (greater than or equal to 75% correct); 6 other subjects acquired the discrimination with additional training. Nine subjects who acquired the discrimination were subsequently trained at progressively lower caffeine doses. In general, the lowest dose to produce discrimination (greater than or equal to 75% correct) was also the lowest dose to produce self-reported mood effects: 4 subjects showed discrimination and self-reported mood effects at 100 mg caffeine, 2 at 56 mg, 1 at 32 mg, and 1 at 18 mg. One of these subjects also showed self-reported mood effects at 10 mg. The present study documents discriminative stimulus and self-reported mood effects of caffeine at doses below those previously shown to affect any behavior in normal volunteers. 相似文献
99.
100.
Manuel S. Silverman Margaret McCarthy Terrance McGovern 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》1992,10(3):111-186
In 1977, DiGiuseppe and Miller provided a review of the literature assessing the effectiveness of Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET). In 1984, McGovern and Silverman completed a similar review for outcome studies conducted from 1977 through mid-1981. This present study is meant as a continuation of those reviews. The 89 studies reviewed are divided into three sections: outcome studies that do not compare Rational-Emotive Therapy with other types of treatment; a review of outcome studies that do compare RET with other types of psychotherapy; and a review of Rational-Emotive outcome studies that either combine RET with other therapies or are not appropriate for the first two sections. There does appear to be some increased sophistication in the research conducted since 1982. Increases were noted in the number of control groups used in the current research as well as in the number of follow-up studies. There also appears to be an improvement in the comparison of RET with other forms of therapy, and the number of problem areas in which RET has been tested has increased. A decrease in post-test only studies and an increased variety of subjects have also improved the current research. Issues such as socioeconomic status and I.Q. of subjects, duration of treatment, and lack of longitudinal studies remain unaddressed. It is suggested that future researchers concentrate on these specific problems to improve the credibility of RET. This review coincides with the previous findings that RET is a valuable, effective therapy that warrants increased research to broaden its application.Manuel S. Silverman, Ph.D., is a Professor of Counseling Psychology at Loyola University Chicago.Margaret M. McCarthy, M.A., is a recent graduate of Loyola University Chicago.Terrance McGovern, Ph.D., is in Private Practice in Downers Grove, Illinois. 相似文献