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261.
Randolph W. Parks Ph.D. Psy.D. Robert E. Becker Robert F. Rippey David G. Gilbert Jane R. Matthews Esperanza Kabatay Carter S. Young Cathy Vohs Valerie Danz Patricia Keim G. Todd Collins Steven S. Zigler Paul G. Urycki 《Neuropsychology review》1996,6(2):61-79
Nicotinic receptor dysfunction and impaired semantic memory occur early in Alzheimer's disease patients (AD). Previous research implied that nicotine's ability to enhance alertness, arousal, and cognition in a number of nonclinical populations was a function of its ability to stimulate CNS nicotinic cholinergic receptors. In this study it was hypothesized that transdermal administration of nicotine would increase both regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRglc) and semantic memory (as assessed by verbal fluency). Two mild AD and two elderly controls underwent positron emission tomography scanning during a double blind nicotinic agonist verbal fluency challenge procedure. rCMRglc increases occurred in both AD patients, but not controls. In the two AD patients, verbal fluency scores increased by an average of 17%. One elderly control's verbal fluency increased, and the other decreased. These findings suggest that nicotine's effect on metabolism and verbal fluency is due to its ability to stimulate the cholinergic system. 相似文献
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263.
Erwin Randolph Parson 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1998,28(4):361-380
This article is the second part of a two-part contribution that incorporates the author's learning-from-the-trauma patient originally reported in a paper, The Reparation of the Self some 17 years ago. The article discusses the most likely trends in trauma theory and practice, and the multiphase-oriented approach to treatment of biopsychic trauma. Because crystal ball-gazing is not a viable approach to predicting the future of traumatherapy, the present article instead approaches the task of prediction through first understanding historical and contemporary treatment conventions spanning several decades in this century, and describes the principles and processes of the multiphase-oriented treatment model, a system of treating psychological trauma beginning with Pierre Janet. 相似文献
264.
Erwin Randolph Parson 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1998,28(2):141-171
Many trauma patients are unwittingly led to believe that once their traumatic memory, dreams, irritability, sleep disorder, and intrusive ideation are under greater control that the work of integration is complete. The point of view here is that victims' biopsychobehavioral trauma symptoms contain the nucleus of a damaged identity system that distorts the self-image and relational functioning. This nucleus is linked to a dissociated representational memory system. It is this memory system which is implicated in some incest survivors' profoundly negative self-perception, as seen in the assertion, I am a tragic, soul-destroyer: look at what I've become! Or in a veteran's belief that I am the Devil for what happened in combat. One crime victim described his dissociated identifications and emotional volatility in terms of a Dr. Jekyll/Mr. Hyde tendency. Cyclical relational pathology seen so pervasively in the lives of victims are related to these self- and other-representational distortions. Though cognitive and behavioral techniques address the narrative trauma memory system and ameliorate associated distress, these may be less useful in integrating the patient's representational memory system. This article argues that in order to foster post-traumatic integration, the representational memory system may require specialized direct therapeutic action, a focus on mutual relational dynamics between patient and therapist. 相似文献
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267.
Randolph D. Easton Anthony J. Greene Kavitha Srinivas 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》1997,4(3):403-410
Explicit memory tests such as recognition typically access semantic, modality-independent representations, while perceptual implicit memory tests typically access presemantic, modality-specific representations. By demonstrating comparable cross- and within-modal priming using vision and haptics with verbal materials (Easton, Srinivas, & Greene, 1997), we recently questioned whether the representations underlying perceptual implicit tests were modality specific. Unlike vision and audition, with vision and haptics verbal information can be presented in geometric terms to both modalities. The present experiments extend this line of research by assessing implicit and explicit memory within and between vision and haptics in the nonverbal domain, using both 2-D patterns and 3-D objects. Implicit test results revealed robust cross-modal priming for both 2-D patterns and 3-D objects, indicating that vision and haptics shared abstract representations of object shape and structure. Explicit test results for 3-D objects revealed modality specificity, indicating that the recognition system keeps track of the modality through which an object is experienced. 相似文献
268.
Motor learning-dependent synaptogenesis is localized to functionally reorganized motor cortex. 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Jeffrey A Kleim Scott Barbay Natalie R Cooper Theresa M Hogg Chelsea N Reidel Michael S Remple Randolph J Nudo 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2002,77(1):63-77
The regional specificity and functional significance of learning-dependent synaptogenesis within physiologically defined regions of the adult motor cortex are described. In comparison to rats in a motor activity control group, rats trained on a skilled reaching task exhibited an areal expansion of wrist and digit movement representations within the motor cortex. No expansion of hindlimb representations was seen. This functional reorganization was restricted to the caudal forelimb area, as no differences in the topography of movement representations were observed within the rostral forelimb area. Paralleling the physiological changes, trained animals also had significantly more synapses per neuron than controls within layer V of the caudal forelimb area. No differences in the number of synapses per neuron were found in either the rostral forelimb or hindlimb areas. This is the first demonstration of the co-occurrence of functional and structural plasticity within the same cortical regions and provides strong evidence that synapse formation may play a role in supporting learning-dependent changes in cortical function. 相似文献
269.
Dispositions can be finkish, prone to disappear in circumstances that would commonly trigger their characteristic manifestations. Can a disposition be finkish because of something intrinsic to the object possessing that disposition? Sungho Choi has argued that this is not possible, and many agree. Here it is argued that no good case has been made for ruling out the possibility of intrinsic finks; on the contrary, there is good reason to accept it. 相似文献
270.
Increasing numbers of children diagnosed and treated for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has impacted both neuropsychologists and educators. Though both play key evaluative and treatment roles, there is no available method or process in place enabling the translation of the neuropsychological report recommendations into a format educational teams can easily use, leading to a gap between neuropsychological recommendations and educational planning. In the following, we review the areas evaluated by a neuropsychologist when assessing a child with an ASD, discuss the domains targeted by educational teams when designing an educational plan, and then present a process that has met with some success creating a "bridge" between the diagnostic/assessment process and the subsequent academic planning. Though presented in the context of ASD, the process described can be used by neuropsychologists for various populations to facilitate partnerships with educators that result in improved care for the child. 相似文献