Book reviews

C. de Moor, The Rise of Yahwism: The Roots of Israelite Monotheism. (Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovanien‐sium XCI) Louvain/Leuven, University Press, 1990. ISBN 90 6186 358 9 (D/1990/ 1869/4) and Uitgeverij Peeters, ISBN 90 6831 203 0 (D/1989/0602/73). No price.

Deborah A. Soifer, The Myths of Nara‐sitnha and Vāmana: Two Avatars in Cosmo‐logkai Perspective (SUNY Series in Hindu Studies). State University of New York Press, Albany, 1991, xiv, 321 pp., $16.95 (paperback), $49.50 (hardback). ISBN 0 7914 0800 0 (paperback), 0 7914 0799 3 (hardback).

Bruce M. Sullivan, Krsna Dvaipāyana Vyāsa and the Mahābhārata: A New Interpretation. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1990, ix, 132 pp. S38.89. ISBN 90 04 08898 9.

Timothy Miller, When Prophets Die: The Postcharismatic Fate of New Religious Movements. New York, State University of New York Press, 1991, x, 241 pp. ISBN 0 7914 0718 7.

Douglas Davies, Charles Watkins and Michael Winter, Church and Religion in Rural England. Edinburgh, T & T Clark, 1991, 388 pp. £12.50. ISBN 0 567 29201.     

Clinical Behaviors for Addressing Religious/Spiritual Issues: Do We Practice What We Preach?

To determine if counselors integrate clinical behaviors for addressing religious/spiritual issues in counseling consistent with their ratings of the importance of such behaviors, the authors conducted a national survey of American Counseling Association (ACA) members. Seventy‐eight ACA members rated the importance of and frequency with which they engaged in a set of 30 clinical behaviors that were identified in the existing literature as addressing religious/spiritual issues within counseling. Results indicated possible disparities between importance and frequency ratings. Potential barriers to counselors' utilization of religious and spiritually directed clinical behaviors were identified.     

Analysis of effects of driver/vehicle characteristics on acceleration noise using GPS-equipped vehicles

Researchers have used acceleration noise, defined by the standard deviation of accelerations of a vehicle, as an attempt to measure the quality of traffic flow. As a potential indicator of traffic flow quality, acceleration noise has been considered to be capable of reflecting vehicle/driver–roadway–traffic interactions within a traffic stream. However, this proposition, in particular for the driver/vehicle, has seldom been investigated, mainly due to the difficulty of data collection. This paper reports the results of an analysis of the effects of driver/vehicle characteristics on acceleration noise using global positioning system (GPS)-equipped instrumented vehicle data obtained from four freeway segments. In the analysis, speed models were developed and compared with acceleration noise models. In addition, the effects were investigated by traffic condition levels defined by the density-based level of service.     

Narcissism and Other‐Derogation in the Absence of Ego Threat

The relation between narcissism and other‐derogation has been examined primarily in the context of ego threat. In three studies, we investigated whether narcissistic individuals derogate others in the absence of ego threat. In Study 1, 79 judges watched four videotaped dyadic interactions and rated the personality of the same four people. In Study 2, 66 judges rated the personality of a friend. In Study 3, 72 judges considered the average Northeastern University student and rated the personality of this hypothetical person. Across the three studies, targets' personality characteristics were described on the 100‐item California Adult Q‐Sort (CAQ; Block, 2008). Judges' ratings of targets were compared to a CAQ prototype of the optimally adjusted person to assess target‐derogation. Judges' narcissism and other‐derogation were positively related in Studies 1 and 2. Narcissism positively predicted and self‐esteem negatively predicted target‐derogation after controlling for each other in Study 3. Narcissistic individuals derogate others more than non‐narcissistic individuals regardless of whether ego threat is present or absent.     

Counseling Customers: Emerging Roles for Genetic Counselors in the Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Market

Individuals now have access to an increasing number of internet resources offering personal genomics services. As the direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC GT) industry expands, critics have called for pre- and post-test genetic counseling to be included with the product. Several genetic testing companies offer genetic counseling. There has been no examination to date of this service provision, whether it meets critics’ concerns and implications it may have for the genetic counseling profession. Considering the increasing relevance of genetics in healthcare, the complexity of genetic information provided by DTC GT, the mediating role of the internet in counseling, and potential conflicts of interest, this is a topic which deserves further attention. In this paper we offer a discourse analysis of ways in which genetic counseling is represented on DTC GT websites, blogs and other online material. This analysis identified four types of genetic counseling represented on the websites: the integrated counseling product; discretionary counseling; independent counseling; and product advice. Genetic counselors are represented as having the following roles: genetics educator; mediator; lifestyle advisor; risk interpreter; and entrepreneur. We conclude that genetic counseling as represented on DTC GT websites demonstrates shifting professional roles and forms of expertise in genetic counseling. Genetic counselors are also playing an important part in how the genetic testing market is taking shape. Our analysis offers important and timely insights into recent developments in the genetic counseling profession, which have relevance for practitioners, researchers and policy makers concerned with the evolving field of personal genomics.     

Clergy Burnout: Two Different Measures

A modified form of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used alongside the Francis Burnout Inventory’s two scales—the Scale of Emotional Exhaustion in Ministry (SEEM) and the Satisfaction in Ministry Scale (SIMS)—and the shorter form of Eysenck’s Revised Personality Questionnaire. The respondents were Anglican clergy in England and Wales in their seventh year in ministry. SEEM and SIMS were shown to map onto the same personality constructs as the MBI. This suggests that the Francis Burnout Inventory can be used satisfactorily to measure clergy burnout.     

Recoding and representation in artificial grammar learning

We apply an exemplar model of memory to explain performance in the artificial grammar task. The model blends the convolution-based method for representation developed in Jones and Mewhort’s BEAGLE model of semantic memory (Psychological Review 114:1–37, 2007) with the storage and retrieval assumptions in Hintzman’s MINERVA 2 model of episodic memory (Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 16:96–101, 1984). The model captures differences in encoding to fit data from two experiments that document the influence of encoding on implicit learning. We provide code so that researchers can adapt the model and techniques to their own experiments.