A logarithmic electronic integrator for activity transducers

A solid state integrator having an optional logarithmic or linear input/output function, high input impedance, de input, high sensitivity, low drift, and contact-closure output is described.     

Self psychology in pastoral counseling

This article provides a general explication of how a pastoral counselor might use the self psychology perspective in conjunction with theological and ethical approaches. A particularly appropriate structure for this explication is self psychology's theory and practice of psychoanalytic psychotherapy as a two-phase process: an observation-understanding phase, in which empathic introspection is the central method, and an explanation-interpretation phase, in which by these empathic means the therapist hopes to consolidate further and mobilize developmentally an individual or group's self-cohesion. Each of these phases and the self psychology theory behind them provide an organizing rubric by which we can discuss how theological and ethical approaches might be carried out in a working alliance with the self psychology framework.     

The influence of concurrent load on mouthed and vocalized modality effects

A visual search task was coupled with the serial recall of words to assess the extent to which modality effects mediated by vocalizing and silent mouthing reflect an automatically activated preattentive process. Overall, serial position functions systematically changed as concurrent task demands increased, but the magnitude of the modality effect associated with both mouthing and vocalizing was not altered, regardless of whether or not subjects simultaneously searched for digits. These results support the notion that modality effects index a preattentive process that can be activated automatically by either spoken input or gestural cues associated with speech.     

-ity: A study in word formation restrictions

Subjects judged the acceptability of pseudo words formed a stem, an optional affix, and-ity. The results show that those words in which-ity was adjacent to a latinate morpheme were more acceptable than those in which it was not. Other factors which influenced the acceptability ratings were familiarity and homogeneity of morpheme types. In their evaluations of the possible words, subjects were sensitive to historical class distinctions of stems and affixes.     

A discrete-trials/fixed-interval method of discrimination training

An efficient new method of discrimination training is described which has several advantages over older free-operant and discrete-trials procedures. Illustrative data on reversal learning in pigeons and goldfish are presented.     

A meta-analysis and conceptual critique of research on role ambiguity and role conflict in work settings

Although role ambiguity and role conflict have been studied extensively in the organizational sciences, there remain numerous empirical discrepancies among the reported research results. Consequently, disagreement exists as to what can be concluded about the role ambiguity and role conflict research. Coupled with this empirical impasse has been a persistent and relatively singular approach to conceptually studying role ambiguity and role conflict. In response to this empirical and conceptual situation, a meta-analysis and a conceptual reevaluation of the role ambiguity and role conflict research were performed. Using the Hunter, Schmidt, and Jackson (1982, Meta-analysis: Cumulating research findings across studies, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage) meta-analysis procedures, this study analyzed 29 correlates of role ambiguity and role conflict. These correlates include ten organizational context variables, five individual characteristics, ten affective reactions, and four behavioral reactions. Meta-analysis procedures were used to measure the strength and consistency of the relationship found between each of the 29 correlates and role ambiguity and role conflict. Meta-analysis was also used to determine where moderator variables should play a critical part in future role ambiguity and role conflict research. Based on the results of the meta-analysis, several empirical summaries and conclusions are presented. Along with these, several conceptual observations and reconceptualizing suggestions are offered. It is concluded that while a great deal is known about role ambiguity and role conflict in the organizational sciences much remains to be learned.     

A simple,inexpensive stimulus waveform generator

A simple circuit for a sine wave generator is described. The total cost for construction is approximately $30.00. At present, the unit is used to generate a sinusoidally modulated light stimulus for steady state visual evoked response experiments. Modifications of the circuit for other applications are discussed.