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101.
Three experiments investigated the effects of expectancy and stimulus frequency in character classification and identification tasks. Both expectancy and frequency were found to have effects on overall response latency, but the two factors had different patterns of interaction with two other experimental variables. The effect of visual quality was larger for low-frequency stimuli than for high-frequency stimuli, whereas the effect of quality was independent of expectancy. The effect of S-R compatibility was more strongly influenced by whether a stimulus was expected than by the frequency of the stimulus. The results suggest that expectancy and frequency have somewhat different effects on human information processing mechanisms. Expectancy allows temporary preparation for a specific S-R pair in response selection processes, but it has no effect on perceptual processes. Stimulus frequency, on the other hand, influences the efficiency of both perceptual and response selection processes. The overall effect of stimulus probability may be interpreted as having as components both expectancy and frequency effects. 相似文献
102.
The knowledge and attitudes of 25 college students toward clinical and genetic aspects of cystic fibrosis (CF) were assessed before and after an 80-minute presentation about the disease. The students were asked about their plans regarding genetic testing for cystic fibrosis prior to, and during future conceptions. While their knowledge about the disease increased significantly following the lecture, there were no significant changes in their attitudes. 相似文献
103.
Is nonconscious goal pursuit useful in novel environments? The prevalent view of automaticity and control implies that an unconscious mode of goal pursuit can only reproduce formerly learned actions, and therefore that its usefulness in novel environments is very limited. Our results demonstrate that this conclusion is not always warranted, as nonconscious goal pursuit facilitated participants' learning of the structure of completely novel environments. Specifically, two experiments, using markedly different implicit-learning paradigms, demonstrated facilitation of implicit learning when the goal of achievement was primed. We propose that nonconscious goal pursuit can facilitate not only reproductive operations, but also productive ones, and that implicit learning is sensitive to the organism's nonconscious goals. 相似文献
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墨西哥近年的医疗卫生改革取得了巨大的成就。通过简要地描述墨西哥人群健康状况、医疗卫生资源现状、卫生系统绩效以及与中国的比较,分析了墨西哥三轮卫生改革的特点、存在的问题以及面临的挑战,旨在提出墨西哥卫生系统与医疗保障体系改革对我国医疗卫生改革的启示和借鉴。 相似文献
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职场排斥是一个多方互动的过程, 不仅牵涉到被排斥员工, 其他参与方对于职场排斥的产生和发展也能起到关键的作用。然而, 以往的研究大多采用被排斥者的视角, 研究职场排斥对其造成的影响, 未能全面揭示职场排斥的互动过程。从社会平衡理论的视角出发, 职场排斥可被视为被排斥者、排斥者及第三方互动的结果, 排斥者特点、第三方道德判断、排斥者与第三方交互作用都将影响职场排斥的发生及发展。由此, 职场排斥的理论视角能够得到有效拓展, 管理实践也能从中获得抑制职场排斥行为的启示。 相似文献
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为评估社区老年人运动习惯与认知功能的关系,在北京市通过分层、方便取样的方法选取60岁以上的老年人732名,采用自编调查表收集一般人口学资料及运动习惯情况(包括有无运动习惯,运动频率,运动持续时间),使用简明精神状态评估量表(MMSE)和北京版蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA-BJ)评估认知功能。结果发现:(1)运动组整体认知功能及视空间定向能力得分均高于无运动组;(2)有无运动习惯可正向预测整体认知功能及视空间定向能力得分;(3)运动持续10年及以上组整体认知功能得分高于运动持续10年以下组。结果表明:相对于无运动习惯的社区老年人,有运动习惯的社区老年人的整体认知功能及视空间定向能力更好;运动持续年数较长,对社区老年人的认知功能起到促进作用。 相似文献
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