全球正义:问题与焦点

自罗尔斯<正义论>问世之后,全球正义(global justice)研究在西方学界逐渐兴起.近年来,面对日益加快的全球化进程及其给全球秩序所带来的挑战,我国不少学者也开始关注全球正义问题.何谓全球正义?全球正义研究的主要流派有哪些?全球正义是否有实现的可能?本文拟结合国内外的有关研究,对这些问题做一初步梳理和分析.     

某些妇女的信仰不容忽视

近期,笔者观察了一些寺庙举行的宗教活动,发现参与者之绝大多数是50岁以上的妇女,其中既有下岗失业工人,也有退休干部,还有共产党员。可以说,除了退休干部以外,大都属于弱势群体。她们在激烈的竞争     

国际健康目标与卫生改革的新导向——重视预防保健的作用

由于认识到卫生系统的大部分资源主要花费在疾病的治疗上,这种资源配置不当不仅导致巨额医疗费用负担和低效率,并没有获得好的健康结果;因此,近年许多发达国家的健康目标与卫生改革出现了一个新的导向,日益重视预防保健的作用;并采取优先选择的方式,确保资源优先配置给对人群健康最需要、资源投入最具有成本效果的保健服务。这种改革已取得了一些成效。这一改革导向对我国正在进行的医药卫生体制改革的制度设计与政策开发提供了启示。     

原发性醛固酮增多症的临床实践与分析

探讨原发性醛固酮增多症(原醛)临床特点及诊治方面的经验,以早期诊断、根治,改善预后。对确诊的原醛53例临床资料(临床特征、实验室检查、影像学检查、病理类型、治疗情况)进行回顾性研究。男女比为1：1.65,30～49岁年龄段最多。50.9%高血压首发,15.1%低钾血症首发,并发高心痛9.4%,尿毒症1.9%,脑卒中13.2%。肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮(RAA)系统激素检查,血浆醛固酮/血浆肾素活性比值(ARR)＞200者80.7%,ARR＞400者占半数,血浆醛固酮(PAC)＞140pg/ml者占84.6%。CT及MRI阳性率高。术后病理肾上腺皮质腺瘤占85%,结节性增生占15%(其中原发性肾上腺增生占12.5%)。手术后血压及血钾均较前改善,非手术者口服安体舒通有效。原醛是可治性内分泌性高血压之一,建议高血压和/或低血钾者应常规检查RAA系统激素,并争取行影像学检查,以使原醛得到早期诊治,改善预后。     

Temporal Discounting Mechanisms of Future‐oriented Coping: Evidence from Delay Discounting and Task Prioritization Paradigms

Four studies were conducted to examine the relationship between future‐oriented coping and temporal discounting under different situational conditions. In Study 1, 138 participants were primed with either stressful or neutral stimuli, followed by a delay‐discounting task. In Study 2, 118 participants were primed with either stressful or neutral stimuli, followed by a task‐prioritization activity. The results of both studies indicated that future‐oriented coping had a significant negative association with temporal discounting or the number of rational choices in the neutral‐priming condition, but the relationship was not significant in the stress‐priming condition. In Study 3, qualitative data revealed that the major reason for shifting choices from larger but later payoffs to smaller but sooner rewards in a stressful condition was to reduce the stressful mood, create a positive mood, and promote a sense of accomplishment. This explanation was corroborated by Study 4, in which one group was allowed to choose an immediate payoff and the other group was blocked from choosing that immediate payoff. We confirmed that post‐test anxiety was significantly lower in the immediate payoff group compared with the delayed‐payoff group in proactive and preventive coping, using pre‐test anxiety as a covariate. Preventive coping helped to reduce anxiety levels in a stressful condition only when there was a choice to obtain an immediate payoff. These findings underscore the relationship between future‐oriented coping and temporal discounting, as well as the flexibility of discounting in the face of stress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

性激素对人类择偶偏好的影响

择偶是一种重要的心理、社会和文化现象,婚恋择偶除了会受当下社会文化习俗等人文因素的影响,也受到个体生理机制的影响。本文聚焦热点,从进化心理学的角度阐述性激素对人类择偶偏好的影响。女性的择偶偏好受生理周期激素变化的影响,男性的择偶则会因为体内睾酮含量的不同而发生变化。性激素不仅影响人的心理和行为,还会影响人类择偶决策的神经机制。未来的相关研究应关注生理周期的测定方法、被试的文化背景和个体间的差异等。     

群组发展模型——干预研究的新方法

群组发展模型(group-based trajectory model,GBTM)是一种用于研究群体异质性的新方法,旨在识别群体内遵循不同发展轨迹的亚组,并描绘亚组成员特征。这一模型为干预研究提供了新的研究视角,群组发展模型不仅可以探讨干预是否引起分组比例变化,也关注干预对个体的发展轨迹的影响,并评估干预对不同轨迹组的效果差异。     

When pooping babies become more appealing: the effects of nonconscious goal pursuit on experienced emotions

In this report, we argue that the intensity of the emotions people experience is partly determined by the goals they nonconsciously pursue, and that this effect is functional in nature: Emotions are modulated in ways that may increase the probability of goal achievement. To test this hypothesis, we primed female participants with a motherhood goal and then measured their level of disgust in response to mildly disgusting pictures. Priming led to a reduction of disgust in response to goal-relevant stimuli (e.g., pictures of babies with runny noses) but not goal-irrelevant stimuli. This effect was moderated by the women's probability of conception, a proxy of their ability to pursue the motherhood goal.     

A single exposure to the American flag shifts support toward Republicanism up to 8 months later

There is scant evidence that incidental cues in the environment significantly alter people's political judgments and behavior in a durable way. We report that a brief exposure to the American flag led to a shift toward Republican beliefs, attitudes, and voting behavior among both Republican and Democratic participants, despite their overwhelming belief that exposure to the flag would not influence their behavior. In Experiment 1, which was conducted online during the 2008 U.S. presidential election, a single exposure to an American flag resulted in a significant increase in participants' Republican voting intentions, voting behavior, political beliefs, and implicit and explicit attitudes, with some effects lasting 8 months after the exposure to the prime. In Experiment 2, we replicated the findings more than a year into the current Democratic presidential term. These results constitute the first evidence that nonconscious priming effects from exposure to a national flag can bias the citizenry toward one political party and can have considerable durability.