辽宁省农村不同经济水平地区居民医疗保健需要、需求与利用

对2001年对辽宁省农村医疗保健需要、需求和利用进行调查.样本选择主要根据不同地区经济水平,抽取9个县、27个乡、54个村,共调查了1084户、3 812人.分析了不同经济水平地区农村居民的患病率、医疗服务利用频率、就医流向、医疗费用支出水平及其在家庭支出中的比例、患病未利用原因及比例的差异和特征.并分析了医疗需要和利用的变化状况,调查对象对农村医疗保障形式的意愿.研究结果揭示低经济水平地区居民高需要、低需求、未就医率高、医疗费用负担重的状况.     

White bear everywhere: Exploring the boundaries of the attentional white bear phenomenon

Some failures of selective attention may be explained by the attentional white bear (AWB) phenomenon Tsal & Makovski (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 32:351?C363, 2006), which indicates that prior knowledge of a distractor location causes attention to be actively allocated to it. The AWB effect is demonstrated in a task that includes infrequent trials that involve two simultaneous dots embedded among flanker trials. The dot positioned at an expected distractor location is perceived as appearing before the dot at an expected empty location, indicating that attentional resources have initially been allocated to the expected distractor locations. The main goal of this study was to explore the boundaries of the AWB phenomenon by imposing perceptual, memory, and sensory constraints on the flanker task. The results showed that the AWB effect was obtained even when additional constraints severely taxed the information-processing system. We propose that a mandatory mechanism guides a fixed minimal amount of attention to expected distractor locations in a top-down manner.     

签名对个体诚实度和道德感的影响

探讨签名的位置以及是否预告签名信息对个体诚实行为的影响, 同时探究不同承诺形式对个体道德行为的调节作用, 从而揭示签名对个体道德行为影响的机制。实验1比较不同签名的位置与是否预告签名信息两种条件下, 被试在有奖抛掷骰子的游戏中的诚实性表现。结果发现, 当游戏前告知需要签名时, 签名位置对被试的诚实行为没有显著影响; 而在游戏前不告知需要签名时, 上位签名的被试比下位签名的被试更倾向于做出诚实行为。实验2比较口头承诺方式与签名方式对个体诚实行为的影响, 结果发现, 口头承诺与上位签名均能促使个体做出诚实行为。结果表明, 签名对个体道德行为的影响, 是通过启动个体的自我认同感而实现的; 签名位置的效应, 实际上是由于启动的时段不同造成; 同时, 通过口头承诺的方式, 同样可以启动个体的自我认同感, 从而促进其实施道德行为。     

情绪智力与工作绩效的关系

大量研究证实, 情绪智力能够正向预测工作绩效, 二者关系会受到中介与调节变量的影响。现有研究存在一些问题和不足, 原因在于不同理论模型的分歧与对立、测验工具存在问题和研究没有深入到维度水平等。未来研究应该致力于理论模型的整合、新的测验工具的编制、中介与调节变量的考察、深入到维度水平考察情绪智力与工作绩效的关系。     

情绪对信任的影响:来自元分析的证据

采用元分析方法探讨情绪对信任的影响。通过中英文献检索,共有21篇文章70个独立样本符合元分析标准（N=4745）。其中积极情绪对信任的影响有47个独立样本,消极情绪对信任的影响有23个独立样本。元分析的结果表明,相对于中性情绪,积极情绪对信任起到一定的促进作用,呈中等效应量（d=0.49）;消极情绪对信任起到一定的抑制作用,呈较小效应量（d=-0.23）。调节效应检验发现,情绪的诱发方式、信任对象熟悉性以及信任测量方式的调节作用均不显著。     

基于元认知的认知学习对动态能力影响的实证研究

通过实证研究勾勒出符合动态特征的元认知理论框架,提出构成元认知的6个要素,分别归为元认知策略、元认知调控和元认知知识三个维度.并借助结构方程模型重点分析了元认知、认知学习和动态能力的相关性,以及基于元认知的认知学习对动态能力演化的影响.     

Family climate of routine asthma care: associating perceived burden and mother-child interaction patterns to child well-being

This preliminary report links the literatures on family asthma management practices and on the characteristics of family interaction patterns thought to influence children's adjustment to a chronic physical illness. Specifically, this study of 60 families with a child with asthma examined the extent to which perceived burden of routine asthma care affected child mental health via its influence on parent-child interaction patterns. Mothers completed a measure of asthma management routine burden, mother and child were observed in a 15-minute interaction task, and children completed measures of child anxiety and asthma quality of life (QOL). Perceived routine burden significantly predicted child anxiety and QOL through its effect on mother-child rejection/criticism. The same pattern did not hold for mother intrusiveness/control. The results are discussed in terms of how overall family climate and regulation of routines affects child well-being. Implications for clinical practice and limitations of the study are provided.     

风水先生总是“有理”

我的老家在毛主席诗词“五岭逶迤腾细浪,乌蒙磅礴走泥丸”的那个五岭之一的萌堵岭之南麓,在旧社会,那里山高路远,交通闭塞,直到解放初期还是只有一条砂石土路通到县城,科学进不去,延绵了数千年的封建迷信却在那里繁衍生殖,颇为兴旺。小小的一个山区县城,什么巫婆、道士、神汉和风水先生应有尽有。人们求神拜佛讲风水的风气也很浓。记得,当时有一个陈姓街民,外号叫“活神仙”,三十挂零,尚未娶妻成家立业,又不会做耕田种地的活,因此空闲时间也特别多。每天吃饱饭没事做,便在县城周围的大山小岭、沟沟岔岔间闲逛。真是功夫不负有心人,数年下来,…     

巴西医疗保障体系

从巴西医疗保障体系的建立、资金筹集和使用等方面介绍巴西医疗保障体系,重点关注巴西全民统一医疗制度。鉴于巴西与我国在卫生系统绩效和医疗保障制度改革中所面临的相似挑战,试图通过对巴西医疗保障体系比较详细地介绍及与我国进行简单的对比,总结成功经验、吸取教训为我国建立全民覆盖的医疗保障体系提供借鉴和参考。