微表情的启动效应研究

采用偏好判断和真伪判断任务,通过两个实验探讨微表情作为启动刺激时是否会影响观察者的偏好判断和真伪判断.结果发现:负性微表情(愤怒微表情和悲伤微表情)既影响观察者的偏好判断,也影响观察者的真伪判断,而正性微表情(高兴微表情)仅影响观察者的偏好判断,而不影响观察者的真伪判断;在三种微表情作为启动刺激的条件下,阈上呈现比阈下呈现产生更强的启动效应;仅在愤怒微表情条件下,女性比男性观察者表现出更强的偏好判断,而在其他条件下,均未出现性别差异.由此可见,微表情的启动效应既有与情绪启动效应的相似之处,也有其独特之处.     

Asthma severity, child security, and child internalizing: using story stem techniques to assess the meaning children give to family and disease-specific events

Children with persistent asthma are at increased risk for mental health problems. Although mechanisms of effect are not yet known, it may be that children are less trusting of the family as a source of support and security when they have more severe asthma. This study tested whether asthma severity is related to children's perceptions of insecurity in the family, and whether insecurity is in turn associated with child adjustment. Children (N = 168; mean age = 8 years) completed story stems pertaining to routine family events (e.g., mealtimes) and ambiguous but potentially threatening asthma events such as tightness in the chest. Responses were evaluated for the extent to which appraisals portrayed the family as responding in cohesive, security-provoking ways. Asthma severity was assessed by both objective lung function testing and primary caregiver report. Caregivers reported child symptomatology. Beyond medication adherence, caregiver education, and child age and gender, greater asthma severity predicted more internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Greater asthma severity, assessed using spirometry (but not parent report), was related to less secure child narratives of the family, which in turn related to more child internalizing symptoms. Results suggest that asthma can take a considerable toll on children's feelings of security and mental health. Furthermore, given the difficulty in assessing young children's perceptions, this study helps demonstrate the potential of story stem techniques in assessing children's appraisals of illness threat and management in the family.     

Non-conscious goal conflicts

The question raised in this paper is whether goal conflicts can occur outside of conscious awareness. Given the numerous and potentially conflicting goals people pursue, and the severe scarcity of mental resources, we offer a positive answer. Six experiments that employed a dissociation paradigm tested this hypothesis. Using three implicit behavioral markers of goal conflict (increased decision times, increased decision variance and heightened sensitivity to environmental information), and one physiological marker (increased arousal as measured by skin conductance level), these experiments document goal conflicts that do not reach conscious awareness.     

健康城市建设的新理念及其导向

健康城市的理论与实践的发展以及人类对健康及其决定因素认知的深入使健康城市的内涵和理念不断扩充,吸纳了健康的社会模式及健康决定因素的理念,为健康城市建设注入了新的机制,并成为健康城市建设发展的新导向。我国建设健康城市的实践,从基线评估、规划制定到建设推进,已着力体现国际上健康城市的新理念和导向。     

健康城市建设中环境因素对健康的影响与分析

城市化进程加快导致环境对健康的影响日益突出.针对生活环境质量问题,应尽快出台环境与健康管理法规及条例,强化对生态环境保护的政策支持.通过开展健康城市建设项目,倡导环境保护,有效控制环境污染,坚持生态立市,加强环境质量监督管理及污染防治,提升人类生活质量和促进社会全面发展.