内蒙古喀喇沁旗农民合作医疗支付意愿与支付能力分析

目的 通过对内蒙古自治区喀喇沁旗三个乡290户农民的调查,分析影响农民支付意愿和支付能力的主要因素。方法 使用相关回归分析。结果 发现农民对合作医疗支付意愿的需求价格弹性系数为-0.68,支付意愿与支付能力相互制约,统计学上有意义的影响因素包括农村居民的收入水平和保险意识。结论 说明农民对合作医疗的需求价格弹性仍属于缺乏弹性类,仍然需要进一步提高农民对合作医疗的支付意愿和支付能力。     

医学整合的必要性与必然性

提出医学整合八个方面内容;从医学的目的演变、医学模式转变、医学科学发展和医学人才培养等方面讨论了医学整合的必要性,从国际和我国卫生改革的驱动力和导向方面分析了医学整合的必然性.     

大连市出生缺陷情况分析及干预对策

出生缺陷监测及干预工作应坚持面向整个育龄人群、面向家庭、面向社会、面向高危人群,加强部门合作,建立多部门联手服务模式,形成以计划生育服务体系为基础的出生缺陷一级预防基本平台和以卫生服务体系为基础的二、三级出生缺陷预防基本平台.     

特别旅游团(天津快板)

春风可劲吹呀,百花齐开放,特别旅游团出城去,“旅行”走四方。不上峨嵋山,也不去苏杭,不走大道行小路,首选是庙堂。左手拿香纸,右手秉烛光,披荆斩棘上荒山,虔诚觅佛光。入得山门来,直奔佛爷堂,三叩九拜加许愿,难表真信仰。纸钱漫天飞,烧香几尺长,百元一支算什么,反正荷包胀。乌烟又瘴气,迷漫出神堂,环境污染达山外,山林也遭殃。拜神身匍地,叩头咚咚响,乞求菩萨来保佑,财源达三江。抽签又算命,占星加看相,高僧大师拜不尽,慷慨又解囊。风雨飘摇中,破旧小学堂,他说希望工程去捐款,不如神保障。游完国内景,又拜洋和尚,飘洋过海朝圣去,目标是教堂…     

The ground dominance effect in the perception of relative distance in 3-D scenes is mainly due to characteristics of the ground surface

Previously, we (Bian, Braunstein, and& Andersen, 2005) reported a dominance effect of the ground plane over other environmental surfaces in determining the perceived relative distance of objects in 3-D scenes. In the present study, we conducted three experiments to investigate whether this ground dominance is due to inherent differences between ground and ceiling surfaces, or to the locations of these surfaces in the visual field. In Experiment 1, two vertical posts were positioned between a ground surface and a ceiling surface, and optical contact was manipulated so that the two surfaces provided contradictory information about the relative distances of the posts from the participant. The two surfaces were either both above, both below, or one above and one below fixation. In Experiment 2, only one surface was presented, either above, below, or at fixation. In Experiment 3, the posts were replaced by two red dots, and the eccentricity of the optical contact on the two surfaces was equated in each of five locations in the visual field. In all three experiments, participants judged which of the two objects appeared to be closer. Overall, we found a higher proportion of judgments consistent with a ground surface than with a ceiling surface in all locations, indicating that the ground dominance effect is mainly due to characteristics of the ground surface, with location in the visual field having only a minor effect.     

The ground dominance effect in the perception of 3-D layout

The relative effectiveness of the ground surface and other environmental surfaces (the ceiling and sidewalls) in determining perceived layout was investigated in five experiments and a real-world demonstration. In the first three experiments, two vertical or horizontal posts were positioned between two surfaces (ground and ceiling in all three experiments, left wall and right wall in Experiment 1), and optical contact was manipulated so that the two surfaces provided contradictory information about the relative distances of the posts. Observers judged which of the two posts appeared to be closer. In Experiment 4, to control the height on the posts at which the distance judgments were made, a blue dot was attached to both vertical posts at varying heights and observers judged which dot appeared closer. In Experiment 5, the posts were replaced by two gray ellipses to eliminate the effects of the regular shape and texture. Our findings were that (1) among all four surfaces tested, observers showed a preference to respond according to the optical contact information provided by the ground surface--a ground dominance effect, (2) this effect did not depend on the height of the posts in the image, (3) as the scene was tilted away from a ground/ceiling orientation, the ground dominance effect decreased, and (4) this effect was not due to the location of the judgment.     

Phonological representation and speech understanding with cochlear implants in deafened adults

In the present study cognitive performance in 15 deafened adult cochlear implant candidates was examined and related to level of speech understanding after 12 months of experience with the implant. The implant group performed on par with normal hearing controls in all cognitive tasks used in the study with one exception: Performance was significantly lower in cognitive tasks where use of a phonological representation of sound is a key task-demand. Observations of the implanted individuals’ level of speech understanding indicate that only those individuals who, pre-operatively, were in possession of phonological representations comparable to that of normal hearing could follow and understand a speaker that was out of sight. The results are discussed with respect to (a) deterioration in the phonological representation of sounds as a function of absence of external auditory stimulation, and (b) the role of cognitive factors in predicting success in speech understanding with the implant.     

Profiles of acculturative adjustment patterns among Chinese international students

This is the first study to empirically identify distinct acculturative adjustment patterns of new international students over their first 3 semesters in the United States. The sample consisted of 507 Chinese international students studying in the United States. Using psychological distress as an indicator of acculturative adjustment, measured over 4 time points (prearrival, first semester, second semester, and third semester), 4 distinct groups of student adjustment trajectories emerged: (a) a group exhibiting high levels of psychological distress across each time point (consistently distressed; 10%), (b) a group with decreasing psychological distress scores from Time 1 to Time 2 (relieved; 14%), (c), those with a sharp peak in psychological distress at Time 2 and Time 3 (culture-shocked; 11%), and (d) a group with relatively consistent low psychological distress scores (well-adjusted; 65%). Moreover, significant predictors of a better acculturative adjustment pattern included having higher self-esteem, positive problem-solving appraisal, and lower maladaptive perfectionism prior to the acculturation process. In addition, during the first semester of studying in the United States, having a balanced array of social support and using acceptance, reframing, and striving as coping strategies were associated with a better cross-cultural transition. Practical implications and future directions were also discussed.     

Unconscious goal activation and the hijacking of the executive function

Building on research on unconscious human goal pursuit and the dynamic nature of our mental and physical world, this study examined the idea that an unconsciously activated goal hijacks executive control for its own attainment. This "hijacking" of the executive function by an unconscious goal should be evidenced by impaired performance on an unrelated task relying on executive control. The results of 6 experiments show that subliminal activation of a socializing goal, or an idiosyncratic personal goal, or an academic goal, harmed participants' performance on an executive function task, such as inhibition of prepotent responses and detection of text errors during reading. These effects were unique to executive control, were similar when the goal was activated consciously, and were independent of task motivation and perceived inter-goal relatedness between the primed goal and task goal. Furthermore, an unconscious goal occupied executive control to advance itself more strongly when the goal had personal value. Implications for theory and research on unconscious goal pursuit and the executive function are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).