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51.
It was hypothesized that both semantic processing and organizational activity are necessary for optimal free recall performance. In a series of three experiments, subjects were presented with a list of randomly selected nouns and were asked to make up a meaningful sentence for each noun. The subjects also rated the difficulty of using each noun. The subjects were instructed to try to remember words that were labeled "remember" words. For words that were labeled "story" words, the subjects were instructed only to make each sentence, using the word, part of an ongoing story which each subject was to make up. A test of retention for all presented words, using retention intervals of both 1 min and 24 h, showed that the story words were always recalled better than were the remember words. However, the amount of sequential organization was the same for both the story and the remember words. Recognition performance was found to be the same for both types of words. In addition, the story words were rated as being more difficult than the remember words. It was concluded that extensive semantic processing without organization is not sufficient for optimal recall. 相似文献
52.
Hans-Ruedi Weber 《The Ecumenical review》1971,23(4):335-346
53.
Psychometrika - The on-line version of this article has contained mistakes in affiliation part. 相似文献
54.
Ralph Bolton 《Aggressive behavior》1979,5(3):233-255
The Qolla Indians have high rates of involvement in agonistic forms of interaction. In previous reports the author suggested that ecological and physiological factors are causally associated with intracommunity differential participation in aggressive behavior. The present article described tests of hypotheses using other variables to explain this behavioral differentiation. The hypothesis that aggressiveness and participation in litigation are a function of the amount of social support the individual can potentially mobilize is tested. The relationships between indicators of social status (wealth, education, age, political activities, and ritual participation), on the one hand, and aggressiveness and litigiousness, on the other, also are examined. 相似文献
55.
Neighborhood Stress and Life Satisfaction: Is there a Relationship for African American Adolescents?
Valois Robert F. Kerr Jelani C. Carey Michael P. Brown Larry K. Romer Daniel DiClemente Ralph J. Vanable Peter A. 《Applied research in quality of life》2020,15(1):273-296
Applied Research in Quality of Life - This study identified associations between perceived neighborhood stress and adolescents’ perceptions of life satisfaction. African American adolescents... 相似文献
56.
Roughton RE 《Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association》2002,50(3):733-763
This presentation, written ten years after the American Psychoanalytic Association adopted a nondiscrimination policy with regard to sexual orientation, discusses the evolving relationship between psychoanalysis and homosexuality. The paper is in three sections: (1) the process of policy change and the overturning of injustice; (2) the excursion after Freud's death into analytic bias and extreme pathologizing of homosexuality, the struggle to overcome those distortions, and the lessons to be learned from this history; and (3) the search, in the coming decade, for new understanding of homosexuality and all aspects of sexuality. 相似文献
57.
When the leader of an established therapy group decides to leave, the group may wish to continue with a new leader. This decision deserves careful exploration. The transfer of leadership to a new leader is a powerful event in a group. New leaders often experience strong countertransference reactions. Specific recommendations for new leaders include meeting individually with each continuing member, helping the group stabilize and process the meaning of the change, and developing ownership of the leader role. When managed successfully, a leadership transition can strengthen the group cohesion and offer important therapeutic opportunity. 相似文献
58.
Ralph Metzner 《Behaviour research and therapy》1963,1(2-4):231-236
This paper is an attempt to analyse some of the features of obsessional neurosis in terms of learning theory. First, the syndrome is described and found to have three main features: brooding, strong impulses to do unacceptable things, and ritualistic, defence-substitute activities. Second, the classical psychoanalytic explanation of the etiology of obsession is reviewed. This theory locates the source of conflict in the anal stage, but fails to give a satisfactory account of the precipitating conditions and of the cause for the persistence or fixation of the neurotic responses. In the third section both the precipitating conditions and the fixation conditions are analysed in terms of factors shown to be operative in animal learning experiments. 相似文献
59.
Urushihara K Wheeler DS Pineño O Miller RR 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2005,31(2):184-198
Three conditioned taste aversion experiments with rats investigated superconditioning. In each experiment, alternate exposures of 2 flavor compounds with a common element (i.e., AB/AS) were administered to establish an inhibitory relationship between the 2 unique elements, B and S, and prior to testing, S was paired with lithium chloride (LiCl). In Experiment 1, pairings of a neutral cue (X) with S in compound with B after the AB/AS exposures resulted in superconditioning between X and S. Extinction of the common element (A) just before the S-LiCl pairing attenuated both the inhibitory relationship between B and S (Experiment 2) and superconditioning between X and S (Experiment 3). These observations suggest that superconditioning consists of enhanced performance rather than enhanced associative acquisition. 相似文献
60.
Arcediano F Matute H Escobar M Miller RR 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2005,31(2):228-237
In the analysis of stimulus competition in causal judgment, 4 variables have been frequently confounded with respect to the conditions necessary for stimuli to compete: causal status of the competing stimuli (causes vs. effects), temporal order of the competing stimuli (antecedent vs. subsequent) relative to the noncompeting stimulus, directionality of training (predictive vs. diagnostic), and directionality of testing (predictive vs. diagnostic). In a factorial study using an overshadowing preparation, the authors isolated the role of each of these variables and their interactions. The results indicate that competition may be obtained in all conditions. Although some of the results are compatible with various theories of learning, the observation of stimulus competition in all conditions calls for a less restrictive reformulation of current learning theories that allows similar processing of antecedent and subsequent events, as well as of causes and effects. 相似文献