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Małgorzata Stępień-Nycz Irmina Rostek Marta Białecka-Pikul Arkadiusz Białek 《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2018,15(2):192-213
The main aim of the study was to determine the psychometric properties of the version of the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ) adapted to Polish culture. Since temperament in toddlers was being observed in a laboratory, an external validity of the ECBQ was also provided. Kagan’s observational paradigm was used to test 215 18-month-old children. Their parents completed the ECBQ twice, when the children were 26 and 30 months old. The results showed good internal consistency and confirmed the longitudinal stability of the scale. The same three-factor solution was found in the structure of the scale as in the original American study. The convergence between the observational and parent report data supported the ECBQ’s external validity. Similarities in the structure of the scale observed between the Polish and American data are discussed from a cross-cultural perspective. The usefulness of the Polish ECBQ and the limitations of the obtained results are discussed. 相似文献
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Journal of Happiness Studies - The article concentrates on regulatory focus (promotion and prevention) as a factor involved in the relationships between materialism and well-being alongside two... 相似文献
125.
Wojciech Marek Kulesza Aleksandra Cisłak Robin R. Vallacher Andrzej Nowak Martyna Czekiel Sylwia Bedynska 《The Journal of social psychology》2015,155(6):590-604
This research addressed three questions concerning facial mimicry: (a) Does the relationship between mimicry and liking characterize all facial expressions, or is it limited to specific expressions? (b) Is the relationship between facial mimicry and liking symmetrical for the mimicker and the mimickee? (c) Does conscious mimicry have consequences for emotion recognition? A paradigm is introduced in which participants interact over a computer setup with a confederate whose prerecorded facial displays of emotion are synchronized with participants’ behavior to create the illusion of social interaction. In Experiment 1, the confederate did or did not mimic participants’ facial displays of various subsets of basic emotions. Mimicry promoted greater liking for the confederate regardless of which emotions were mimicked. Experiment 2 reversed these roles: participants were instructed to mimic or not to mimic the confederate’s facial displays. Mimicry did not affect liking for the confederate but it did impair emotion recognition. 相似文献
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J. Słupecki 《Studia Logica》1953,1(1):111-111
Streszczenie Prototetyka St. Len'ewskiego jest uogólnieniem dwuwartociowego rachunku zda. Wystpuj w niej obok terminów tego rachunku funktory (zarówno stae jak i zmienne) tych wszystkich kategorii semantycznych, jakie mog by zdefiniowane, gdy punktem wyjcia jest kategor a zda.W pracy zreferowane s trzy systemy prototetyki. Terminem pierwotnym dwu z nich jest implikacja, terminem pierwotnym systemu trzeciego jest równowano. Systemy o terminie pierwotnym implikacji róni s. reguami wnioskowania. W jednym z nich obowizuje regua weryfikacji, w drugim regua ekstensjonalnoci. Pierwsza z tych regu jest uogólnieniem nastpujcej reguy rachunku zda, wzbogaconego o terminy 0 i 1:Wyraenie jest tez systemu, gdy tezami systemu s oba wyraenia powstae z przez podstawienie za pewn jego zmienn symboli 0 i 1.W myl reguy ekstensjonalnoci tezami systemu s prawa ekstensjonalnoci, sformuowane dla funktorów dowolnych kategorii semantycznych wac-wych prototetyce.W pracy podaj dowody równowanoci trzech systemów prototetyki i dowód ich zupenoci.Znaczna cz wyników Leniewskiego, zreferowanych w pracy, nie bya dotd opublikowana. Opracowujc te wyniki opieraem si na notatkach z wykadów Leniewskiego, spisanych przez jego uczniów. Oryginalne notatki Leniewskiego ulegy zniszczeniu w czasie powstania warszawskiego. 相似文献
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An increasing number of drugs removed from the market because of unacceptable toxicity raises concerns regarding preapproval
testing of drug safety. In the present paper it is postulated that the non-inferiority type of trial should be abandoned in
favor of the superiority trial with active controls and less stringent (p<0.1, both for efficacy and toxicity) statistics.
This approach will increase sensitivity of detection of drug-induced adverse effects at the expense of increasing false positive
results regarding the difference in efficacy between the tested and reference drug. Such a move will increase the protection
of future patients. In addition, the proposed design is far more acceptable from the clinical (e.g. no need to specify the
statistically expected “unimportant” number of deaths) and ethical points of view, as well as being favored by the strong
incentive of involved parties. In the second part of this paper arguments are presented in favor of the hypothesis that placebo
(still used in some superiority trials) does not induce adverse effects. The assertion that placebo may induce adverse effects
is probably biased by the nature of the clinical experiment. Such a conclusion is supported by studies indicating that placebo-induced
adverse effects are disease — and treatment — specific. The modification of clinical trials according to the proposed changes
may increase the trials’ sensitivity at detecting adverse effects of drugs.
A lecture on the subject of this paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference on the subject of ‘The
Responsible Conduct of Basic and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005. 相似文献
130.
Sale E Sambrano S Springer JF Peña C Pan W Kasim R 《American journal of community psychology》2005,36(3-4):195-205
Research regarding prevention strategies for Hispanic youth stress the importance of family interventions because of the particular
importance of family as a protective factor within the Hispanic community. Starting in 1995, the Center for Substance Abuse
Prevention conducted the National Cross-Site Evaluation of High Risk Youth Programs, a 5-year drug and alcohol prevention
study with a sample of approximately 10,500 youth, including nearly 3,000 Hispanic youth. Youth were surveyed regarding their
alcohol use patterns and risk and protective factors, with several measures of family relationships, including family connectedness,
family supervision, and parental attitudes toward their child's alcohol use. Analyses indicate that family factors are highly
linked to alcohol use among Hispanics, particularly among Hispanic females. Longitudinal growth curve analyses indicate that
improving the connections that young Hispanic females have to their parents can have positive long-term effects on delaying
or reducing their alcohol use.
This evaluation was conducted under the direction of Dr. Soledad Sambrano, Ph.D. of the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
under contract #2777-95-5002 with EMT Associates, Inc. and ORC Macro. The views expressed herein represent the opinions and
analyses of the individual authors and may not necessarily reflect the opinions, official policy, or position of the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration,
or the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. 相似文献