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811.
812.
Michael B. Johnston Anthony Hayes 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》2000,53(3):792-824
Four experiments that investigate the cognitive representation of objects in human observers are reported. Two broad classes of theory were examined: viewpoint-specific and viewpoint-independent models. The former postulate that the data structures underpinning object recognition correspond to discrete views and require additional processing to access them from unfamiliar viewpoints. The latter postulate data structures that are independent of any particular viewpoint and can be directly accessed from a wide range of viewpoints. Two experimental tasks were used: a sequential matching paradigm and a cognitive learning paradigm. Findings favour viewpoint-specific models over viewpoint-independent models. 相似文献
813.
Pamela S. Hunt Rachel A. Hallmark 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2001,36(3):239-248
Although there are a variety of animal models used in alcoholism research, there has been very little experimental investigation
into possible environmental/experiential factors leading to an initial bout of alcohol ingestion. Adolescent alcohol abuse
is a major problem in today's society and research is beginning to focus on the predisposing conditions toward alcohol consumption,
particularly in this vulnerable age group. The results of recent research from our laboratory are reviewed in which voluntary
ingestion of ethanol by preweanling and adolescent rats is increased following exposure to an intoxicated sibling. This paradigm
centers on the notion that rodents, and perhaps other mammalian species as well, acquire information about foods to ingest
based in part on interaction with a conspecific that has recently ingested a novel diet (e.g. Galef, 1981). Smelling food-derived
cues on the breath of another animal is known to affect later food choice. The procedures described in this paper represent
a potential new model for examining the effects of early exposure to ethanol through social interactions on the initiation
of voluntary alcohol ingestion. 相似文献
814.
Holly E. Brophy‐Herb Mildred Horodynski Sara B. Dupuis Erika London Bocknek Rachel Schiffman Esther Onaga Laurie A. Van Egeren Hiram E. Fitzgerald Mary Cunningham‐Deluca Shelley Hawver Madonna Adkins Sarah Thomas 《Infant mental health journal》2009,30(3):203-222
As part of a curriculum‐development project, focus groups were implemented with Early Head Start staff and with parents of infants and toddlers enrolled in Early Head Start. Focus groups were designed to identify staff and parent beliefs about early emotional development. Three major themes were identified that crossed the staff and parent focus groups: (a) Infants' and toddlers' abilities to have emotions and to be aware of others' emotions; (b) roles of parents as advocates, teachers, and disciplinarians; and (c) parental reflectivity about their own experiences as influences on their parenting. The findings suggest that parents participating in Early Head Start have some knowledge about basic emotions and the developmental nature of emotions, but may easily misinterpret emotional displays only as attempts at manipulation rather than as valid expressions of feelings; expectations for gender‐appropriate emotional expressiveness begin early; more empowered parents may view themselves as role models and teachers for their children; and more reflective parents are better prepared to engage in the sensitive interactions needed to guide young children's growing awareness of their own and others' emotions. Implications for parenting education and program planning utilizing an infant mental health perspective are discussed. 相似文献
815.
816.
Herz RS 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2003,132(4):595-606
Three experiments were conducted to examine how verbal context and sensory stimulation interact to influence odor hedonic perception. Eight common odors were presented in their natural and synthetic forms, and verbal labels designating name and source (natural, synthetic) information were either explicitly given, self-generated, falsely provided, or not provided. Results revealed that verbal information about source influenced hedonic ratings whether or not the odorant itself was also present. When odorants were presented without verbal labels, olfactory evaluations were based in sensation. Name and source information contributed different levels of meaning and influence to perceptual evaluations. The findings are discussed with reference to an experiential-collocation model for odor-label interactions and a dual-coding hypothesis for olfactory perception. 相似文献
817.
Shayne RK Fogel VA Miltenberger RG Koehler S 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2012,45(1):211-215
We compared the effects of exergaming and traditional physical education on physical activity among 4 active children who were not overweight and who had experience with the exergaming activities prior to the study. Results showed that exergaming produced substantially higher percentages of physical activity and opportunity to engage in physical activity. In addition, an evaluation of the exergaming equipment showed that exergaming stations were associated with differential levels of physical activity across participants. 相似文献
818.
Initial Validation of Measures of Sanctification in Same‐Sex Romantic Relationships and Sexual Behavior 下载免费PDF全文
Russell E. Phillips III Sierrah Avant David Kalp David Cenkner Michael Lucci Rachel Herndon Alex Maccarelli 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2017,56(4):836-851
Researchers have created reliable and valid scales of the sanctification of romantic relationships and sexual behavior of opposite‐sex couples. The goal of the present study is to assess the reliability and validity of sanctification measures within same‐sex romantic relationships. Measures of sanctification and relationship adjustment were given to 256 persons in same‐sex romantic relationships living in the United States. Both sanctification measures had Cronbach alpha values above 0.80. Sanctification related to relationship adjustment in expected ways. Controlling for demographic variables, general religiosity, and self‐perceived spirituality, the sanctification of a same‐sex romantic relationship was associated with greater investment in the partnership, emotional intimacy toward one's partner, and relationship satisfaction. Sanctifying same‐sex sexual behavior related to more frequent sex and more positive emotions toward sex, after controlling for demographic variables, general religiosity, and perceived spirituality. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
819.
Implementing Housing First Across Sites and Over Time: Later Fidelity and Implementation Evaluation of a Pan-Canadian Multi-site Housing First Program for Homeless People with Mental Illness 下载免费PDF全文
Eric Macnaughton Ana Stefancic Geoffrey Nelson Rachel Caplan Greg Townley Tim Aubry Scott McCullough Michelle Patterson Vicky Stergiopoulos Catherine Vallée Sam Tsemberis Marie-Josée Fleury Myra Piat Paula Goering 《American journal of community psychology》2015,55(3-4):279-291
This article examines later fidelity and implementation of a five‐site pan‐Canadian Housing First research demonstration project. The average fidelity score across five Housing First domains and 10 programs was high in the first year of operation (3.47/4) and higher in the third year of operation (3.62/4). Qualitative interviews (36 key informant interviews and 17 focus groups) revealed that staff expertise, partnerships with other services, and leadership facilitated implementation, while staff turnover, rehousing participants, participant isolation, and limited vocational/educational supports impeded implementation. The findings shed light on important implementation “drivers” at the staff, program, and community levels. 相似文献
820.
Myra F. Taylor Ruth Marquis Rachel Batten David Coall 《Occupational Therapy in Mental Health》2013,29(3):259-280
Grandcarers are at-risk of poor mental health outcomes. Current knowledge of the support needs of grandcarers is fragmented. To help fill this knowledge gap qualitative analysis was undertaken on 49 interviews conducted with custodial grandparents. The findings reveal that conflicted occupational roles coupled with the complexity of the stressors facing grandcarers both contribute to their social isolation and to their self-doubts about their ability to adequately attend to their grandchildren’s needs. Greater awareness among occupational therapists (OTs) of custodial grandparents’ mental health travails and an increased understanding of key occupational therapy (OT) practice initiatives are central to addressing grandcarers’ mental health travails. 相似文献