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911.
Muhammad Tariq Majeed 《Applied research in quality of life》2018,13(3):709-725
This study analyzes the relationship between three dimensions (economic, social, and political) of globalization and quality of life using a panel of 44 Islamic countries from 1970 to 2010. Using different estimation techniques, we find that overall globalization has a robust positive effect on quality of life, even when controlling for income, dependency ratio, literacy, number of physicians, and other factors. Nevertheless, the results do not hold for all forms of globalization. Economic and political forms of globalization tend to improve quality of life. In contrast, social globalization does not improve quality of life. 相似文献
912.
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine closely the economic status of households that include the aged with disabilities in South Korea, as well as the factors contributing to their poverty dynamics. This study analyzed the poverty dynamics of households that include the aged with disabilities by using data from the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled for the years 2008 to 2012. This Survey is conducted by the Korea Employment Agency for the Disabled. Poverty dynamics were classified by the changes in poverty status in 2008 and 2012, including sustained poverty, sustained non-poverty, poverty exit, and poverty entry. We carried out a multinomial logistic regression for poverty dynamics based on demographics and analyzed the differences of income composition and consumption patterns according to poverty dynamics. Gender, education, degree of disability, economic activity, and change in the number of employed family members were identified as significant factors that determine poverty dynamics. 相似文献
913.
Richard Saage 《Nanoethics》2018,12(3):237-246
About one and a half decades ago, two prominent reports were published in the United States (US) which strongly influenced subsequent international discussions on the topic of human enhancement: a 2002 report on “converging technologies for improving human performance”, based on a workshop which was organised by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the US Department of Commerce in December 2001, and the first report of US President George W. Bush’s Council on Bioethics (PCBE), published in October 2003 with the title Beyond Therapy: Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Happiness. The 2002 report included a wide variety of contributions from academics in various fields of research, from representatives of US institutions, and from companies. Due primarily to the influence of the two NSF staff editing the report, it can be regarded as the first major instance of the influence of transhumanism, a techno-futurist ideology and movement, on the US technology and innovation discourse. The PCBE report, on the other hand, is a prime example of a conservative critique of the transhumanist notion of human enhancement. In this invited contribution, these two crucial publications are analysed mainly in order to point out the relevance of philosophical anthropology as developed since the 1920s by Helmuth Plessner and others. This remarkable school of thought is experiencing a revival in countries such as Germany and the Netherlands, and, to some extent, in the English-speaking world. In this article, it is argued that philosophical anthropology provides us with an important alternative to both anthropological essentialism and scientism, two approaches that are still highly relevant in current discourse on human enhancement. 相似文献
914.
Paul J. Carter Brendan Hore Leona McGarrigle Manon Edwards Gavin Doeg Rachel Oakes 《The journal of positive psychology》2018,13(2):110-121
Positive psychology interventions (PPIs) are effective in increasing well-being across the population. Whilst educators are recognising the importance of well-being in the classroom and of its long-term impact on life trajectory, the transformative potential of PPIs in educational settings is yet to be fully realised. This study investigates, for the first time, the effects of a PPI in school children by means of a daily dairy. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure well-being in school children aged 8–11 years. Across two studies, children kept a positive events diary, recording three experiences every day for a week. The intervention led to an increase in happiness and a decrease in depressive symptoms immediately following the intervention and at a three-month follow-up. Children who had unhappier baseline scores benefitted more from the intervention. This study demonstrates significant scope, in school settings, for targeted light-touch interventions to promote well-being in those with the greatest need. 相似文献
915.
916.
Fritjof von Franqué 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2018,12(4):311-318
There is a controversial discussion on to what extent sexual forensic psychotherapy has a positive influence on the legal probation of sexually delinquent people. From this the question arises on how treatment with a perspective for success could be structured. This article assumes that such a perspective can only succeed through close cooperation between science and psychotherapeutic practice. Through the analysis of a methodologically elaborate study, considerations on the motivation and the influence of empirically ascertained risk factors are developed and each placed in relation to scientific and therapeutic practice. In this way various problems are tackled, which range from insufficiently described interventions via too little therapeutic flexibility up to limitations in the scientific evaluation. Finally, possible barriers for the development of such a perspective are discussed and the connection to the so-called risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model is explored. 相似文献
917.
Gerhard Dammann 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2018,12(3):238-255
Important theoretical basic principles of the psychodynamic treatment of patients with antisocial and psychopathic personality disorders are presented. Focusing on delinquency and general orientation to the structural level of the personality organization should be integrated. Indications of treatment difficulties, countertransference problems and technical principles are given. Skepticism of the treatment is poorly evidence-based and forensic psychotherapy of these patient groups should be intensified. 相似文献
918.
Eric A. Reavis Sebastian M. Frank Peter U. Tse 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2018,80(5):1110-1126
Visual search is often slow and difficult for complex stimuli such as feature conjunctions. Search efficiency, however, can improve with training. Search for stimuli that can be identified by the spatial configuration of two elements (e.g., the relative position of two colored shapes) improves dramatically within a few hundred trials of practice. Several recent imaging studies have identified neural correlates of this learning, but it remains unclear what stimulus properties participants learn to use to search efficiently. Influential models, such as reverse hierarchy theory, propose two major possibilities: learning to use information contained in low-level image statistics (e.g., single features at particular retinotopic locations) or in high-level characteristics (e.g., feature conjunctions) of the task-relevant stimuli. In a series of experiments, we tested these two hypotheses, which make different predictions about the effect of various stimulus manipulations after training. We find relatively small effects of manipulating low-level properties of the stimuli (e.g., changing their retinotopic location) and some conjunctive properties (e.g., color-position), whereas the effects of manipulating other conjunctive properties (e.g., color-shape) are larger. Overall, the findings suggest conjunction learning involving such stimuli might be an emergent phenomenon that reflects multiple different learning processes, each of which capitalizes on different types of information contained in the stimuli. We also show that both targets and distractors are learned, and that reversing learned target and distractor identities impairs performance. This suggests that participants do not merely learn to discriminate target and distractor stimuli, they also learn stimulus identity mappings that contribute to performance improvements. 相似文献
919.
Karla K. Evans 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2018,80(5):1027-1029
920.
Isabel Gauthier Kao-Wei Chua Jennifer J. Richler 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2018,80(6):1449-1460
The Vanderbilt Holistic Processing Test for faces (VHPT-F) is the first standard test designed to measure individual differences in holistic processing. The test measures failures of selective attention to face parts through congruency effects, an operational definition of holistic processing. However, this conception of holistic processing has been challenged by the suggestion that it may tap into the same selective attention or cognitive control mechanisms that yield congruency effects in Stroop and Flanker paradigms. Here, we report data from 130 subjects on the VHPT-F, several versions of Stroop and Flanker tasks, as well as fluid IQ. Results suggested a small degree of shared variance in Stroop and Flanker congruency effects, which did not relate to congruency effects on the VHPT-F. Variability on the VHPT-F was also not correlated with Fluid IQ. In sum, we find no evidence that holistic face processing as measured by congruency in the VHPT-F is accounted for by domain-general control mechanisms. 相似文献