Matrix correlation

A correlational measure for ann byp matrixX and ann byq matrixY assesses their relation without specifying either as a fixed target. This paper discusses a number of useful measures of correlation, with emphasis on measures which are invariant with respect to rotations or changes in singular values of either matrix. The maximization of matrix correlation with respect to transformationsXL andYM is discussed where one or both transformations are constrained to be orthogonal. Special attention is focussed on transformations which causeXL andYM to ben bys, wheres may be any number between 1 and min (p, q). An efficient algorithm is described for maximizing the correlation betweenXL andYM where analytic solutions do not exist. A factor analytic example is presented illustrating the advantages of various coefficients and of varying the number of columns of the transformed matrices.This research was supported by grant APA 0320 from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The authors wish to acknowledge valuable discussion of this problem with Jan de Leeuw, University of Leiden.     

Feminist perspectives on pastoral care: Implications for practice and theory

The article explores the debilitating consequences of patriarchal structures for women's experience and sense of self. Drawing on Nelle Morton's metaphor of hearing into speech, the article suggests constructive implications of feminist thought for pastoral care and counseling with women and men. Issues such as ethics and relationality, love and power, sexuality and spirituality are addressed.     

Prediction of facial displays from knowledge of norms of emotional expressiveness

A study was conducted to examine the accuracy of prediction of facial expressiveness from knowledge of the norms of expressiveness in same-sex and mixed-sex social interactions. Men and women subjects were videotaped while they viewed emotionally loaded stimulus slides and rated their responses to them. The edited videotapes were shown to judges who attempted to identify the emotion reported by each viewer for each slide. A separate group of subjects was asked to rate how acceptable or appropriate it is for a man or a woman to express each target emotion under the conditions of the slide-viewing study. The accuracy of emotion identification data correlated highly with acceptability ratings across emotions and sex pairings, although examined more closely, the data show this predictability only for same-sex pairings. Alternative explanations for these results in terms of display rules and the social demands of interactions are discussed.The authors wish to thank Alan Fridlund for helpful comments on a previous version of this paper.     

The effect of number of categories in rating scales on precision of estimation of scale values

The precision of scale value estimates using maximum likelihood estimation is examined for varying numbers of categories, varying discriminal dispersions and with and without category boundary estimation. It is concluded that this type of estimation is somewhat unsatisfactory if boundaries are estimated unless these are of specific interest. If they are not estimated, it is concluded that using seven or more categories provides very nearly as much precision of estimate as a corresponding continuous judgment task.This research was supported by National Research Council of Canada Grant A0320 to the author.     

Monotone spline transformations for dimension reduction

Consider a set of data consisting of measurements ofn objects with respect top variables displayed in ann ×p matrix. A monotone transformation of the values in each column, represented as a linear combination of integrated basis splines, is assumed determined by a linear combination of a new set of values characterizing each row object. Two different models are used: one, an Eckart-Young decomposition model, and the other, a multivariate normal model. Examples for artificial and real data are presented. The results indicate that both methods are helpful in choosing dimensionality and that the Eckart-Young model is also helpful in displaying the relationships among the objects and the variables. Also, results suggest that the resulting transformations are themselves illuminating.     

Analysis of pairwise preference data using integrated B-splines

Pairwise preference data are represented as a monotone integral transformation of difference on the underlying stimulus-object or utility scale. The class of monotone transformations considered is that in which the kernel of the integral is a linear combination of B-splines. Two types of data are analyzed: binary and continuous. The parameters of the transformation and the underlying scale values or utilities are estimated by maximum likelihood with inequality constraints on the transformation parameters. Various hypothesis tests and interval estimates are developed. Examples of artificial and real data are presented.This investigation was supported in part by a research grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada.     

Supervision groups for health advisers working with patients with HIV disease

This paper describes a case supervision group with health advisors working in a clinic specializing in the treatment of patients with HIV Infection. Themes discussed in the group are presented with an evaluation of the group intervention, some consideration of group process and the health advisers views on their work. This is discussed in relation to present research into occupational stress in this field.     

Interview with reverend Marie Fortune,August 8, 1990

Articles

Interview with reverend Marie Fortune, August 8, 1990