慢性心房颤动导管消融的若干争议

随着房颤消融技术的迅速发展和提高,阵发性房颤射频消融已列入I类推荐,慢性房颤射频消融也列入Ⅱa类适应证。肺静脉电隔离仍是慢性房颤消融的基石。但由于慢性房颤病因不一,机制更加复杂,除了肺静脉电隔离外,还需进行心房基质改良,其消融策略、术式、终点还存在若干争议。     

不友善驾驶行为分析

针对中国目前机动车数量猛增造成的道路交通问题,提出了不友善驾驶行为的定义,并通过系列研究,围绕不友善驾驶行为的影响因素进行探讨,获得了含有“有意为之”与“无心之失”二因子22条目的“不友善驾驶行为量表”,该量表的信度与效度良好.进一步通过问卷调查,发现:(1)驾驶人员的人口学特征、驾驶经验、竞争特质、个人主义人格与集体主义人格都能预测其不友善驾驶行为的发生频率;(2)“驾驶技术问卷”的“对汽车的熟练操控”因子与不友善驾驶行为呈正相关,“安全驾驶习惯”因子与其呈负相关;(3)驾驶人员在“不友善驾驶行为量表”上的得分能够预测其违规扣分情况与交通事故数量.     

何种哲眼看中医——中西医的科学与哲学论析

如何认识中医学的科学性,如何看待中医学的价值与前途,如何正确处理中西医的关系,都需要以正确的思想方法处理好主体与客体、形式与内容、理论与实践哪一个是出发点,谁决定谁的问题。科学有标准,论证一种学术的科学性,要有充分的证据,要有严格的逻辑,决不是几句含混不清、空洞无物的空话、套话所能说清楚的。     

后基因时代神经源性疼痛研究的焦点:蛋白质网络

后基因时代到来后蛋白质组学技术得到了迅猛发展,系统化和网络化研究神经源性疼痛模型中,神经系统蛋白质结构和功能必将是未来疼痛相关研究的重要组成部分.蛋白质组学方法的广泛应用,将为我们提供一个用于判断疼痛的新工具,更有利于疼痛机理的揭示.     

THE ROLE OF GENERALISED EXPECTANCIES IN DETERMINING CAUSAL ATTRIBUTIONS FOR SUCCESS AND FAILURE IN TWO SOCIAL CLASSES

Summary . The sources of discrepancies in causal attributions for success and failure and for self and other attributions of outcome may become clearer when specific research attention is paid to the role of generalised expectancies in the attributional process. The present study hypothesised that when information about task and outcome is standardised, the attributions of both actors and observers will tend to reflect generalised expectancies, evoked in this study by two levels of SES in both actor and observer conditions, more than they will self-serving biases. 230 sixth grade Jewish Israeli pupils of two SES levels were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. All pupils received eight anagrams, four soluble by all and four insoluble. Those in the self-attribution condition attributed their own outcomes to various causes, while those in the similar and different other conditions attributed the same outcomes for pupils of apparently similar or different social class, after having first completed the anagrams themselves. The results indicated that while pupils of high SES tended to attribute both their own and others' outcomes in ways consistent with high generalised expectancy for success, pupils of low SES attributed their own outcomes more to external, unstable factors, and differentiated consistently in their attributions for the self, for similar and for different others. It was argued that these differences reflect undifferentiated, global perceptions of causality among high SES pupils, whose patterns of attribution are consistent both with teacher values and their own experience. Low SES pupils have more differentiated perceptions of causality since uncertainty as to the real causes of their learning outcomes motivates them to greater, but not always adaptive, attributional activity.     

Verbal and visuo-spatial memory Two clinical tests administered to a group of normal subjects

Abstract.— A group of 165 normal subjects were examined on two memory tests in clinical use, the Word Pairs Test and the Visual Gestalts Test. The purpose of the study was to establish norms with the variables of age, sex, and length of schooling being taken into consideration. During the learning phase a complex interaction between all three factors was found for the Word Pairs, whereas in the Visual Gestalts scores were only affected by age. In the delayed memory task used in both tests, age was again found to be the only significant factor. Using quartile scores, it was found that females performed better than males on the verbal test and vice versa on the visuo-spatial test. Normative data are presented for three age groups. A significant decline in performance appeared in the age group 40–49 years. The data became more heterogenous with an increase in the age of the subjects.     

Career and Educational Counseling Implications of Women's Life Experience Learning

This article summarizes the responses of 131 adult women to a questionnaire survey of their experiences and activities in homemaking, parenting, volunteer work, recreation, formal and nonformal education, and paid work. The results show that reentry women have had a wide variety of life experiences through which they have developed job-related skills. The findings also show the importance of counselor assistance in identifying nontraditional skills and in exploring how the interpersonal and managerial skills learned in unpaid work can aid women's career advancement.     

Student Attitudes Toward Children and Adolescents With Severe Burns

Using color photographs donated by burned and nonburned children as stimulus materials, the authors compared attitudes of 218 practice teachers, senior nursing students, and counselors-in-training toward children and adolescents described as typical, having emotional and psychological problems, or having been severely burned and scarred. With the Adjective Generation Technique and a researcher-designed Attitude Scale, the authors found that children with severe burns and facial scarring were regarded less favorably and were given fewer predictions of future success than the other 2 groups. Significantly fewer of the students expressed a willingness to work with them, and many had little confidence that they would be able to help burned clients. Questions generated by participants concerning things they wanted to know about the 3 groups before working with them revealed that burned children were most often asked about their injuries and scarring but were rarely asked about school, leisure activities, or friends.     

The Effects of the Fresh Start Program on Native American Parolees' Job Placement

Fresh Start, a career development project in Rapid City, South Dakota focusing on Native American parolees with multiple barriers to employment, was effective in placing 75% of its 1994 group in Jobs. Clients reported that feeling valued and important was the most important aspect of the experience.     

教学改革中促进学生掌握数学知識的一些心理因素

大跃进以来,教育革命在1958年取得胜利的基础上进一步深入到教学內容的改革中去,也就是說,根据“四个适当”的精神,对学校的制度、教材、教法等方面进行根本性的改革,因此中、小学数学教学体系改革也就提到日程上来了。但是一般人认为数学改革比较困难,原因是数学教材本身的系統性比較強,难以变动,同时中、小学生对数学学习感到最为困难,而提早学习是否为学生所能胜任,对此抱着怀疑的态度,所以要变动中、小学数学