PLEKHANOV,LENIN AND WORKING-CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS

Studies in East European Thought - According to the prevailing scholarly view, made popular by Neil Harding, Lenin is said to have derived his well-known theory of working-class consciousness in...     

Individual characteristics and personal relationships

The nature of a personal relationship depends in part on the characteristics of the participating individuals. Yet the relations between individual characteristics and relationships are complex because (i) there are difficulties in specifying the dimensions along which individuals differ; (ii) the characteristics that an individual displays vary with the situation; (iii) relationships have properties that result from interaction between the participants; and (iv) the mechanisms whereby individual Characteristics affect relationships are diverse. In this paper the first three of these issues are discussed briefly and a number of examples of the fourth are provided.     

Is Counseling's Bottom Line at the Top?

Decreases in higher education student enrollments and budget declines present problems for counseling. Some changing roles and responsibilities of counselors are discussed.     

EFFECTS OF ASSESSORSHIP ON MANAGERs' PROFICIENCY IN ACQUIRING, EVALUATING, AND COMMUNICATING INFORMATION ABOUT PEOPLE

This study investigated the developmental effects of assessorship, i.e., serving as a trained member of an assessment center staff, on managers' proficiency in three categories of behavior: acquiring, evaluating, and communicating information about people. Eighty managers selected to serve as assessors in a management assessment center were assigned to one of two experimental groups. Immediately prior to assessor training, one group participated in three exercises designed to measure proficiency in the criterion behaviors. The other group participated in these exercises after they had accumulated at least 3 months of full-time experience as assessors. The results indicate that the experienced assessors were more proficient in interviewing another individual to obtain relevant information about job candidates, verbally presenting and defending information about others' managerial qualifications, and communicating this information in concise written reports. Also, the experienced assessors' ratings of videotaped ratees' managerial ability possessed somewhat superior psychometric properties.     

A Conceptual Analysis of Lambert,Ogles, and Masters's Conceptual Scheme for Outcome Assessment

For in psychology, there are experimental methods, and conceptual confusion. (Wittgenstein, 1968, p. 232)     

An Analysis of Counselor Verbal Interventions in Group Counseling

This study of verbal interventions of counselors during group counseling with predelinquent urban youth revealed that of the 12 counseling skills rated, 3 accounted for 2/3 of the verbal interventions used by the counselors.     

THE CONTROL OF BIAS IN RATINGS: A THEORY OF RATING

Based on several years of research and a careful analysis of the rating process Wherry developed a theory of rating. An accurate rating is seen as being a function of three major components: Performance of the ratee, observation of that performance by the rater, and the recall of those observations by the rater. Cast in a mold of classical psychometric theory each of these components is seen as consisting of a systematic portion and a random portion. The systematic portion of each component is further broken down. The performance of the ratee is a combination of true ability or aptitude for the job and the influence of the environment. What the rater observes is a function the performance of the ratee and bias of observation and what the rater recalls is a result of those observations combined with a bias of recall. The development of the theory of rating unfolds by defining the various factors that affect each of these components in a series of linear equations. Various theorems and corollaries are proposed which should lead to a maximization of the true ability component of the ratee and minimize environmental influence and the bias and error components. The theorems and corollaries suggest testable hypotheses for the researcher in performance evaluation.