The Effects of Problem-Solving Training on Adolescents' Career Exploration and Career Decision Making

Of three career guidance methods, namely guided field trips, cognitive, and behavioral problem-solving training, the latter had more influence on 11th graders' career exploratory and career decision making behaviors.     

Ethical Issues Involved With the Use of Computer-Assisted Counseling,Testing, and Guidance Systems

This article discusses (a) the growing use of computers in counseling, testing, and guidance; (b) potential ethical problems; and (c) principles for ethical use of computer applications.     

Anorexia Nervosa: The Hospital's Role in Family Treatment

When an anorexia nervosa patient requires hospitalization for her ¹ 1 We will use the pronoun “her” to refer to anorexic patients since the overwhelming majority are female. Our discussion will focus mainly on younger adolescent girls who are still living with their families.
medical condition, the treatment team faces the problem of integrating the individual focus of inpatient care with the systems focus of family therapy. In this paper we propose a family-systems model of hospitalization, the aim of which is to facilitate such integration. The model draws on current theories of anorexia nervosa, as well as general concepts from psychodynamic, developmental, and family systems theories. The major hypothesis of the model is that all members of the anorexic family are developmentally arrested in the area of separation-individuation. On this assumption, we propose that the entire treatment team (including medical professionals and therapists) needs to function as “parents” to the anorexic family in much the same way that two cotherapists become parental figures in family therapy. Specifically, the team needs to provide those parenting responses that facilitate the family's individuation process.     

DETECTING JOB DIFFERENCES: A MONTE CARLO STUDY1

A monte carlo computer study was conducted where the statistical power of the univariate repeated measures ANOVA design proposed by Arvey and Mossholder (1977) to detect job differences was investigated. Also investigated was the relative value and usefulness of omega-squared estimates to indicate job similarities and differences. Job profile means and covariance structures were generated by using data from six relatively similar jobs and six dissimilar jobs based on Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) data bank information. Different combinations of job differences (4 conditions), number of job raters (2 conditions), and violations of statistical assumptions (3 conditions) were generated (1000 sets for each of the 24 combinations) and each data set analyzed using the ANOVA design. Results indicate that testing for statistical significance is not as useful in determining job differences as examining the omega-squared estimates. Specifically, the omega-squared estimates for the interaction of the Jobs × Dimension effect is a relatively sensitive and stable indicator of job differences regardless of the number of raters and violations of the statistical assumptions.     

Structural Model of Coping and Emotions Produced by Taking a New Job

The relationship of preventive and combative coping resources to appraisals and emotions produced by taking a new job was investigated at 2 separate times. Participants consisted of 231 graduate students who completed inventories measuring these variables regarding their last employment experience. The results of the structural model suggested that preventive coping resources may affect the appraised desirability of taking a new job as well as Initial emotions related to this event, and that combative coping resources may affect subsequent emotional responses. The implications of these results for timing interventions by employment counselors using stress counseling techniques are discussed.     

A Design for First Line Supervisory Training In Manpower Agencies

This article describes a training program to increase supervisory skills in manpower agencies. Supervisors taking part in this program were employed by a state manpower agency in Maryland and trainers were university faculty in rehabilitation counselor education. Reading material and structured assignments combining cognitive and affective material were given, but there was much freedom within the program for participant feedback. Some of these suggestions were used to revise the program as it progressed. Affective activities employed included relaxation, guided fantasy, role playing, and microcounseling. Participants' reactions ranged from satisfaction with the useful skills provided to resentment at the selection method for the training and the time involved, which made further progress impossible. The majority of the participants suggested recommendations for further training of this nature.     

Rural WIN-ings

This article explores the experiences of two Work Incentive Program (Win ) staff members in delivering employment-related services in a rural Win program. It deals with three prevalent rural obstacles to employment: transportation, flexibility with individual cases, and sex barriers. While disputing the theory that rural areas offer few employment possibilities for Win clients, we point out that, with flexibility and creativity, rural areas are productive in helping Win clients become self-supporting.     

Career development of youth: a nationwide study

The primary objective of the study described here was to assess and summarize core aspects of the career development of American youth. A nationally representative sample of approximately 32,000 8th, 9th, and 11th graders in 200 schools participated in the study in the spring of 1973. This article focuses on the study's more salient findings and presents results in terms of what students say, do, and know about career development. A major finding is the sharp contrast between students' need for help with career planning and the help they have been receiving. In general, results support the current emphasis on career guidance and career education.