关于记忆弱化过程的某些特征及其变异性的一项实验研究

这项研究旨在证明这样一个假设,即在学习之后,记忆有一个随时间而逐渐弱化的过程。其表现是,在通常情况下,对学习过的东西的回忆时间随学习到回忆之间的时间间隔的延长而趋于增加,错误回忆和遗忘的数量也随之增加。记忆弱化的因素有种种,因而虽有一般的趋势,又表现出很大变异性。     

5—11岁儿童两种空间关系认知发展的实验研究

本实验是研究5—11岁儿童对面积和垂直这两种空间关系认知的发展。判断相等面积是探讨儿童掌握“等量减等量所余相等”原理的发展过程。结果表明:课题中不同变化因素对儿童认知的影响是不一样的;儿童判断相等面积的认知过程主要可分为直觉判断和推理判断,似乎存在一种由前者发展到后者的过渡形态。儿童处理垂直关系时,除了垂直于斜面和垂直于水平面的形式之外,还有处于这两者之间的一种中间形式存在,这是从垂直于斜面向垂直于水平面逐渐变化的发展过程。两个实验结果都表现随年龄而发展的趋势,其中有两个突出的阶段性特点,即六至七岁发展最快,各项指标差别显著,七至九岁组成绩上未显露增长,在这一阶段中儿童认知易受课题条件变化的影响,各个指标较其它年龄组变化大,这可能是发展中的过渡阶段的特点。     

论新行为主义者斯金纳关于人的行为原因的研究

本文分析了斯金纳的环境决定行为论及其来源,评价了他的研究方法,对斯金纳的新行为主义理论和华生的老行为主义理论进行了比较,同时对斯金纳提出的“行为技术学”的科学性和应用价值提出了质疑。     

A report on The National Council of Community Mental Health Centers

The National Council of Community Health Centers represents a professional development of great interest to clergy. Because mental health centers collaborate with community agencies and systems, their interventions on behalf of community mental health provide an occasion to work toward common goals. Their policy of shared responsibility with community leaders and consumers provides a unique opportunity for a practical integration of religious systems and the public arena. A number of pastors and mental health trained clergy are actively participating in this common effort on behalf of the nation's mental health.He has served five years as a member of the Council on Prevention of the National Council of Community Mental Health Centers.     

Language characteristics of mexican-american children: Implications for assessment

We have described the language features that characterize the speech of the Mexican-American child and have examined them with respect to their deviations from acceptable standards in both Spanish and English—acceptability in terms of how well he functions in each of the two language settings in which he lives. We have pointed out the magnitude of the most critical of his problems, the loss of lexical and grammatical signals through underdeveloped perception of English phonology and have demonstrated how this faulty perception vitally affects, not only his lexical and grammatical failings, but also his ability to learn as fast or as efficiently as the monolingual English-speaking child in every area of learning. We have then suggested assessment considerations which might more accurately evaluate his actual language abilities and which might provide more specific bases for planning improved educational programs for these children. We recognize, at the same time, the existence of additional considerations, such as socioeconomic environment, educational level of the parents, child rearing practices, test-orientedness, etc., which may also influence the scores they receive, and that these factors should also be considered in interpreting test statistics and in planning and designing school programs.     

恒河猴数相加能力的初步研究

本实验训练恒河猴对两组其和不超过8的刺激实体(卡片上的黑色圆点)进行相加,再与第三组刺激实体进行数多少的比较判断。实验共有9个训练程序,课题逐次由易到难,刺激的数目也由少到多。有一只恒河猴达到了全部9个程序的训练标准。证明恒河猴的确具有学会把两个数进行相加的能力。这种相加不可能是数数的结果,极可能是在知觉上将它们融合或接合在一起。     

试论颜元的教育心理思想

本文对颜元的教育心理思想进行了初步探讨:一、颜元教育心理思想的基本观点,二、颜元的德育心理思想,三、颜元的学习心理思想。     

MMPI中国常模中量表8及量表9K校正系数的探讨

本文针对MMPI中国常模中各临床量表一般不作K分校正的建议作了实证研究。其分析了912名被试的K、Sc及Ma量表数据资料,其中有345名精神分裂症患者,111名躁狂症患者以及456名正常被试。利用半和方区分比率法和频数分析法进行分析的结果表明,为了使MMPI在辅助诊断心理失常者时达到较好的效果,①量表8原始分数需加1K校正分数;②量表9原始分数以0.2K分数进行校正较不作校正为好。由此本研究建议,在应用MMPI时应采用加K分的中国常模。     

学习困难儿童的神经心理研究

本研究用中国修订的HR成套神经心理测验(HRB(m)-RC)、韦氏儿童智力量表(WISC-CR)、韦氏记忆量表(WMS-RC)和分类测验测查9—14岁学习困难儿童和正常儿童各50名。研究了学习困难儿童的神经心理特点和神经心理功能与学习成绩的关系,从神经心理学角度来讨论学习困难的教育干预。     

中小学生语文阅读能力结构的发展特点

本研究对小学六年级、初中三年级、高中三年级三个年龄切面的学生的阅读能力结构构成进行分析,揭示该能力结构的发统特点。结果表明,语文阅读能力结构随年龄的增长而发生变化。一方面表现为因素的数量逐步增加,另一方面表现为比较复杂、层次较高的因素在整个结构中的相对地位不断增强。研究结果进一步指出,该能力结构因素增加的实现方式不同于西方心理学界所认为的分解模式,而是表现为“接替”模式,亦即通过“基础能力因素”对活动的影响作用为新的因素所接替而实现。