The Effect of Time-Compressed Speech on Comprehensive,Interpretive, and Short-Term Listening

Although contemporary theorists view listening as a multidimensional process, the preponderance of published empirical research on human comprehension of speeded speech is based on an outdated, unitary construct. In the present study, the impact of varying levels of time compression on three different types of listening is investigated. The results indicate that comprehensive listening performance deteriorates significantly as speech compression levels are increased while interpretive and short-term listening performance remains stable until a high degree of time compression (60%) is reached. Explanations for these findings are advanced based upon established differences between short and long-term memory processes.     

The Ontological Status of Persons*

Chisholm held that persons are essentially persons. The Constitution View affords a non‐Chisholmian way m defend the thesis that persons are essentially persons. The Constitution View shows how persons are constituted by‐but not identical to‐human animals. On the Constitution View, being a person determines a person's persistence conditions. On the Animalist View, being an animal determines a person's persistence conditions. Things of kind K have ontological significance if their persistence conditions are determined by their being members of K. On Chisholm's view, persons have ontological significance, but animals do not. On Animalism, animals have ontological significance, but persons do not. After explaining the notion of ontological significance, this article argues that persons do have ontological significance, and hence that Animalism is not true     

GROUP HOMOGENEITY, RANGE RESTRICTION, AND RANGE ENHANCEMENT EFFECTS ON CORRELATIONS

Recently, the issue of range enhancement effects on correlations has been raised as a potential criticism of correction for range restriction in validity generalization. While adding to or deleting from a sample can affect both the variance and correlation in the sample, increases or decreases in individual differences in an intact sample resulting from such factors as history, maturation, training, and experience will not necessarily affect correlations. If such changes in individual differences do occur in concurrent validation studies, the most likely result will be an underestimate of the unrestricted validity.     

Multi-Level Couple Therapy: Applying a Metacommunicational Framework of Couple Interactions

Excerpts from a couple therapy case are cited to illustrate the practical significance of a multi-level framework in understanding couple interactions. The clinical implications of the metacommunicational framework, as a metaphor for examining and understanding relational processes, are discussed. Also, the pragmatics of following “process” at a variety of levels when working with punctuational differences, developing therapy strategies and goals, and measuring the progress of couple therapy are discussed.