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871.
R G Geen 《Journal of personality and social psychology》1985,49(4):963-970
Twenty male and 20 female subjects, previously classified as high or low in test anxiety, participated in an experiment on visual vigilance under conditions designed either to enhance or minimize feelings of being tested. Detection rate declined across the 36 min of the task among subjects high in test anxiety who believed that they were being tested and in subjects low in test anxiety who did not. False detection rates revealed no significant differences among conditions. Analysis of sensitivity to signals according to statistical decision theory revealed low sensitivity in both the high-anxiety test and low-anxiety/no-test conditions than in the other two. Analysis of decisional criteria showed that subjects in the high-anxiety test condition were more conservative in setting a criterion than subjects in the other three conditions. No sex differences were found. The results are discussed in terms of an elaboration of Sarason's (1978) model of test anxiety. 相似文献
872.
C R Snyder T W Smith R W Augelli R E Ingram 《Journal of personality and social psychology》1985,48(4):970-980
We tested the hypothesis that socially anxious or shy individuals use their anxiety symptoms as a strategy to control attributions made about their performances in social-evaluative settings (i.e., self-handicapping strategies). Specifically, we predicted that trait-socially anxious or shy persons would report more symptoms of social anxiety in an evaluative setting in which anxiety or shyness could serve as an excuse for poor performance than would individuals in (a) an evaluative setting in which shyness was precluded as an excuse or (b) a nonevaluative setting. Furthermore, we predicted that this self-protective pattern of symptom reporting would not occur for individuals who were not trait-socially anxious because these persons would not commonly use such symptoms as a self-handicapping strategy. Results supported these predictions for male subjects, but not for female subjects. Sex differences in the strategic use of shyness are discussed in relation to other research on sex differences in the etiology and correlates of social anxiety. 相似文献
873.
874.
875.
Symmetry and transitivity of conditional relations in monkeys (Cebus apella) and pigeons (Columba livia) 总被引:10,自引:10,他引:0
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D'Amato MR Salmon DP Loukas E Tomie A 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1985,44(1):35-47
In Experiment 1 six monkeys were tested with discriminative relations that were backward relative to their training in a 0-second conditional (“symbolic”) matching procedure. Although there was some indication of backward associations, the evidence was generally weak, and statistical evaluations did not reach conventional significance levels. Unlike children, who show backward associations to the point of symmetry, monkeys and pigeons display at best only weak and transient backward associations. In Experiment 2 associative transitivity was assessed across two sets of conditional matching tasks. All four monkeys tested demonstrated strong transitivity. In contrast, in Experiment 3 there was no evidence of transitivity in three pigeons tested under conditions closely comparable to those of Experiment 2. These results may identify some key features of interspecies differences and contribute to analyses of serial learning in animals. 相似文献
876.
Flicker fusion frequencies of 48 healthy controls and of 35 alcoholics were measured to detect possible associations between flicker fusion and signs of nonspecific brain damage, the aim of the study. FFF was statistically significantly lower in patients addicted to alcohol than in healthy subjects. Lower flicker fusion frequencies were associated with the severeness of organic psychosis as rated psychopathologically. The hypothesis that addiction to alcohol is a sign of diffuse, nonspecific, organic brain damage was discussed. 相似文献
877.
E R Delay 《Perceptual and motor skills》1985,60(2):479-483
Locomotor activity of male, albino rats (25, 90, and 200 days old at the start of the experiment) was measured in conditions of light and dark. Continuous and pulsed noises of 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 dB were presented under each illumination condition. While noise intensity altered activity of all age groups, it interacted with illumination and age, resulting in different sensory-dependent patterns of activity in each age group. The results are interpreted in terms of arousal theory and potential functional development of CNS structures regulating the effects of ambient sensory input on behavior. 相似文献
878.
R M Olig R D Staton W W Beatty H Wilson R I Biberdorf S G Hoag R A Brumback 《Perceptual and motor skills》1985,60(3):879-889
Plasma concentrations of imipramine and amitriptyline and their desmethylated metabolites were measured in 20 children being treated for major depressive illness 2 wk. and 5 to 10 wk. after achieving drug dosages of 2.25 mg/kg body weight. At 2 wk. all children had exhibited clinical improvement, but by 10 wk. 4 of the 10 children treated with imipramine and 5 of the 10 children treated with amitriptyline had experienced clinical relapse of depressive symptoms. Tricyclic antidepressant plasma concentrations and ratios were comparable in the subgroups of children who maintained their clinical improvement and those who relapsed. There was no evidence of a systematic decline in plasma tricyclic antidepressant concentrations in those children who relapsed. 相似文献
879.
R E Koslow 《Perceptual and motor skills》1985,60(2):351-354
The subjects were 16 college students assessed as having normal, uncorrected visual abilities. Each subject responded to the appearance of each of five variously colored ball sections as they were introduced into the subjects' visual field. Analysis indicated that colors with luminance values greater than 70 CD/M2 (black, blue, green) were detected further in the horizontal peripheral plane than were colors possessing values less than 36 CD/M2 (red, purple). 相似文献
880.
Subjects in a prior study of complex learning often experienced difficulty in mastering the task because of an apparent reluctance to release one perceptual field and reconstrue the task on a higher cognitive level. It was hypothesized that were this the correct explanation, the faster learners would be more field independent on a measure of field dependence, since independence has been defined in terms of ease in releasing one's attention from the immediate perceptual field. This hypothesis was tested with 22 undergraduate subjects for whom Group Embedded Figures Test scores were correlated with the number of trials to completion on the complex learning task. A moderate but significant correlation supported the hypothesis. 相似文献