The design and evaluation of a worksharing system for experimental group living

Failure to share household chores equitably may be a major cause of the high failure rate of experimental group-living arrangements. A behavioral approach to worksharing based on a point system was implemented in one experimental group and its most important components experimentally evaluated. Experiment I showed that awarding credits produced more work than not awarding credits. Experiment II showed that making credits contingent on the outcome of a detailed inspection produced more work than awarding credits noncontingently. Experiment III demonstrated that awarding rent reductions contingent on credit earnings produced more work than awarding rent reductions noncontingently. Other evaluative data suggest that the resulting living arrangement is cheaper, more effective, and more satisfactory to the residents when compared to the most popular alternative living arrangements.     

关于语用、道义逻辑和模态性

一近来论述道义逻辑(规范概念的逻辑)的许多著作都依据于这样的看法:道义逻辑是模态逻辑的一个分支,而且基本的规范概念“义务的”、“许可的”和“禁止的”可被认为类似于“真理(alethie)”模态概念“必然的”、“可能的”和“不可能的”。在本文中,我把这种看法称为道义逻辑的标准模态观点。这种观点似乎至少要回溯到中世纪后期哲学。     

欣读《医学审美心理学》

欣读《医学审美心理学》江西宜春医学专科学校（３３６０００）彭庆星金河柳我们怀着如同欣赏医学美一样的愉悦心情，读完了湖南科学技术出版社新近出版的由景生保主编的《医学审美心理学》，掩卷凝思，欣喜犹存。我们认为，该著是一本成功的新作。首先，《医学审美心理学...     

要全面理解"因信称义"

“因信称义”是神的恩典,是圣灵启示给我们的真理,对所有未信者真是一个极大的福音,是神给所有迷失(惘)之人开出的一条又新又活的路,也是历世历代以来每位基督徒曾走过(也是必须走)的路。有人曾为“因信称义”质疑上帝的公义:罪大恶极,做了一辈子坏事的人临终的一刻钟就因为相信耶稣基督,他就因信得进乐园;而那做了一辈子好事的人就因不信或者没有机会信(统称未信者)就不能进乐园吗?对于前一种情况,我     

私生活、私利和私有权

私有权与文明的生活形式长期在我国占统治地位的那些意识形态形式,一直还在牢牢地束缚着人们的意识,即使在今天,当人们谈到“私有权”时,往往还会产生不安之感。尽管如此,但在越来越多的讲话、文章和文件里,其中也包括各级政权机关今天所通过的文件里,在谈到所有制关系改革时,也常讲“非官方化”。我认为,这是社会思想里取得的积极进步的最主要标志之一。“非官方化”——当然,如果深入思考所使用的概念的涵义并且认真地对待它们——必须先确认私有权,而且不仅是对日常消费品、长期使用对象或住房的所有权,还有对劳动资料、劳动工具和某些     

False memories and lexical decision: even twelve primes do not cause long-term semantic priming

Semantic priming effects are usually obtained only if the prime is presented shortly before the target stimulus. Recent evidence obtained with the so-called false memory paradigm suggests, however, that in both explicit and implicit memory tasks semantic relations between words can result in long-lasting effects when multiple 'primes' are presented. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether these effects would generalize to lexical decision. In four experiments we showed that even as many as 12 primes do not cause long-term semantic priming. In all experiments, however, a repetition priming effect was obtained. The present results are consistent with a number of other results showing that semantic information plays a minimal role in long-term priming in visual word recognition.     

Understanding adolescent suicide: a psychosocial interpretation of developmental and contextual factors

Adolescent suicide remains an international tragedy, yet a common denominator continues to elude researchers. Some adolescents internalize rejection and respond with suicide; other troubled adolescents engage in homicide before ending their own lives. One factor underlying suicide concerns the failure to construct a healthy identity. Using Erikson's theories on identity development as a framework, this paper examines the motives for and contexts of suicide among preadolescents, adolescents, and young adults, identifies specific school-age populations that are vulnerable to suicide, and discusses implications.     

Non-associative fear acquisition: a review of the evidence from retrospective and longitudinal research

It is axiomatic that the capacity to experience fear is adaptive, enabling rapid and energetic response to imminent threat or danger. Despite the generally accepted utility of functional fear, the nature of maladaptive fear remains controversial. There is still no consensus about how specific fears and phobias are acquired and modulated. Two major schools of thought are apparent: those suggesting dysfunctional fear arises largely as the result of associative-conditioning processes versus those who favour more biologically based etiological explanations. In this regard, the non-associative model of fear acquisition postulates the existence of a limited number of innate, evolutionary-relevant fears, while emphasising conditioning modes of onset for evolutionary-neutral fears. Recent retrospective and longitudinal studies have tested predictions from the non-associative model. In general, findings support non-associative hypotheses and are difficult to reconcile with neo-conditioning explanations of fear acquisition. These data suggest that four pathways to fear may provide the most parsimonious theory of fear etiology. The theoretical and practical implications of adding a fourth, non-associative path to Rachman's (Behav. Res. Ther. (1977) 15, 375-387) three 'associative' pathways are discussed. Unresolved issues requiring further investigation are considered.