Prior context and the perception of lexically ambiguous sentences

The perceptual complexity of lexically ambiguous and unambiguous sentences was compared in three experiments. In Experiment 1, the report of ambiguous words from rapidly presented ambiguous sentences was worse than the report of corresponding unambiguous words from unambiguous sentences. Results of Experiment 2 showed that the effect was not reduced by the presence of prior biasing context within the sentence. Experiment 3 repeated the finding with a sentence meaning classification task. It was concluded that both meanings of a lexically ambiguous sentence must be computed, even when prior context makes one meaning more plausible than the other.     

The design and evaluation of a worksharing system for experimental group living

Failure to share household chores equitably may be a major cause of the high failure rate of experimental group-living arrangements. A behavioral approach to worksharing based on a point system was implemented in one experimental group and its most important components experimentally evaluated. Experiment I showed that awarding credits produced more work than not awarding credits. Experiment II showed that making credits contingent on the outcome of a detailed inspection produced more work than awarding credits noncontingently. Experiment III demonstrated that awarding rent reductions contingent on credit earnings produced more work than awarding rent reductions noncontingently. Other evaluative data suggest that the resulting living arrangement is cheaper, more effective, and more satisfactory to the residents when compared to the most popular alternative living arrangements.     

雅斯贝尔斯的海德格尔批判:思维的傲慢

一、比较方法的意义与界限假定一个人严肃地对待哲学,那么任何试图比较卡尔.雅斯贝尔斯与马丁.海德格尔的作法都难免显得十分可疑。也许,甚至将比较方法列入哲学工具之标准目录也显得可疑,但是,那些使用这种方法的人们却常为这种方法所提供的巨大的解释收益而辩护。当然,对于我     

苏联科学院的《哲学问题》杂志

中华人民共和国的各界人士对现代苏联社会生活各个领域中正在发生着的那些变化显然是有所了解的。苏共中央1985年4月全会的著名决议、苏共27大和苏共中央其他一些全会的文件提出了苏联发展的战略方针,苏共中央总书记M.C.戈尔巴乔夫在他的许多讲话中进一步阐发了这一战略方针。其中对苏联社会当前发展阶段的实质做了如下的理     

关于语用、道义逻辑和模态性

一近来论述道义逻辑(规范概念的逻辑)的许多著作都依据于这样的看法:道义逻辑是模态逻辑的一个分支,而且基本的规范概念“义务的”、“许可的”和“禁止的”可被认为类似于“真理(alethie)”模态概念“必然的”、“可能的”和“不可能的”。在本文中,我把这种看法称为道义逻辑的标准模态观点。这种观点似乎至少要回溯到中世纪后期哲学。     

欧麦尔传略

先知穆罕默德归真后,在伊斯兰教旗帜下联合起来的阿拉伯人进入了一个新的发展时期。第一任哈里发艾布·伯克的功绩在于重新统一了阿拉伯半岛,并开拓了疆土。但艾布·伯克执政两年就归真了,继承这一伟大事业并使伊斯兰教发展成为一个国际性宗教的,是第二任哈里发欧麦尔。他为哈里发国家的巩固和发展做出了巨大的贡献。     

复仇

尔沃德的娘正在廚房里做胡桃杏仁点心饀兒,口里还低声哼着一支流行曲子,心里突然感到一种沈重的憂虑,她于是止住口里哼着的曲子,撩起衣角擦了擦手,走到院子里,在院里恐惧不安地轉来转去,不知怎样才好。院子里很靜,只有穿过庭心的一条淺水溝里發出微弱的流水声。这更使尔沃德的娘感到寂寞,感到需要有个人在身旁,像邻家的哈米德娘或是别的要好的姐妹們,她們每次来串门,閑扯一陣,或者说些故事,都会給尔沃德的娘帶来慰籍。尔沃德的娘既恐惧又寂寞,一个人在院子里直打轉兒,不知怎样才好。后来听到街門的鎖眼里有鑰匙轉动的声音,接着瞧見自己的丈夫——尔沃德