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141.
Different brain mechanisms between stereotype activation and application: evidence from an ERP study
Jia L Dickter CL Luo J Xiao X Yang Q Lei M Qiu J Zhang Q 《International journal of psychology》2012,47(1):58-66
Stereotyping involves two processes in which first, social stereotypes are activated (stereotype activation), and then, stereotypes are applied to given targets (stereotype application). Previous behavioral studies have suggested that these two processes are independent of each other and may have different mechanisms. As few psychophysiological studies have given an integrated account of these stages in stereotyping so far, this study utilized a trait categorization task in which event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to explore the brain mechanisms associated with the processes of stereotype activation and its application. The behavioral (reaction time) and electrophysiological data showed that stereotype activation and application were elicited respectively in an affective valence identification subtask and in a semantic content judgment subtask. The electrophysiological results indicated that the categorization processes involved in stereotype activation to quickly identify stereotypic and nonstereotypic information were quite different from those involved in the application. During the process of stereotype activation, a P2 and N2 effect was observed, indicating that stereotype activation might be facilitated by an early attentional bias. Also, a late positive potential (LPP) was elicited, suggesting that social expectancy violation might be involved. During the process of the stereotype application, electrophysiological data showed a P2 and P3 effect, indicating that stereotype application might be related to the rapid social knowledge identification in semantic representation and thus may be associated with an updating of existing stereotypic contents or a motivation to resolve the inconsistent information. This research strongly suggested that different mechanisms are involved in the stereotype activation and application processes. 相似文献
142.
J. Crosbie P. Arnold A. Paterson J. Swanson A. Dupuis X. Li J. Shan T. Goodale C. Tam L. J. Strug R. J. Schachar 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2013,41(3):497-507
Endophenotypes or intermediate phenotypes are of great interest in neuropsychiatric genetics because of their potential for facilitating gene discovery. We evaluated response inhibition, latency and variability measures derived from the stop task as endophenotypes of ADHD by testing whether they were related to ADHD traits in the general population, heritable and shared genetic risk with ADHD traits. Participants were 16,099 children and adolescents, ages 6 to 18 years who visited a local science center. We measured ADHD traits using the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-symptoms and Normal-Behavior (SWAN) rating scale and performance on the stop signal task (SST)—response inhibition (SSRT), response latency (GoRT), and response variability (GoRTSD). Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship of cognitive measures and ADHD traits while controlling for family, age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and treatment status. Heritability of ADHD and cognitive traits was estimated using SOLAR in 7,483 siblings from 3,507 families that included multiple siblings. Bivariate relationships between pairs of variables were examined. Individuals with greater ADHD trait scores had worse response inhibition, slower response latency, and greater variability. Younger participants and girls had inferior performance although the gender effects were minimal and evident in youngest participants. Inhibition, latency, variability, total ADHD traits, inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity scores were significantly heritable. ADHD traits and inhibition, but not latency or variability were coheritable. In the largest study in the general population, we found support for the validity of response inhibition as an endophenotype of ADHD. 相似文献
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制度与制度之间常常存在挤出效应,在医疗卫生服务制度体系内,价格管制、支付制度和医疗卫生服务评价制度等,造成了对中医药政策和中医药应用的挤出.而中医药在我国医改战略转型、医学模式转变和促进制度创新方面具有十分积极的意义.制度耦合是解决制度冲突、制度挤出的基本思想,把中西医统一到卫生事业发展的目标上来,把发挥中医药优势和特色作为中医药政策的核心,构建中西医并重的机制、优化医疗卫生服务制度结构和完善中医药评价体系,是缓解挤出效应,促进中医药发展的制度选择. 相似文献
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Cognitive Processing - Perception of color can affect cognition and behavior in humans. Although there has been increasing interest in the effect of red on cognitive performance in adults, little... 相似文献
147.
白珊 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2024,45(4):43-47
疾病总是被医学话语提纯为普遍的知识理性,如何在疾病的表象背后找寻个别的生命现象成为一个难题。而女性主义艺术家周雯静却以“带病的身体”作为切入口,用艺术的方式言说医学科学中所忽略和掩盖的内容,深剖疾病现象中不可见的部分,思考“非正常”的身体。通过对女性经验的召唤,周雯静在艺术实践过程中使疾病不再被定位为朝向“死”的必然性,而是在疼痛的体验中回应如何更好地“生”的可能性,并在具体的处境中吁请着人们对生命与医学的共同敬重。
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This study aimed to explore the relationship between poverty and children’s mental health in the social context of China. Data were consisted of 1314 children, which were collected with a multi-stage cluster random sampling method in Xiushui, a typical poverty city in China. Structural equation modeling was adopted to test the hypothesized model. Results showed that both social causation model and social selection model could explain the relationship between poverty and children’s mental health in Mainland China. The implications of these findings on theory and social work services were also discussed. 相似文献