全文获取类型
收费全文 | 286篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
303篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 26篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 11篇 |
2010年 | 13篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 10篇 |
2007年 | 10篇 |
2006年 | 15篇 |
2005年 | 7篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1960年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 2篇 |
1950年 | 1篇 |
1947年 | 1篇 |
1942年 | 1篇 |
1941年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有303条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
121.
Three experiments were conducted to determine whether human observers could identify the gender of 40 domestic cats (20 female, 20 male) depicted in individual color photographs. In experiment 1a, observers performed at chance for photographs depicting whole cats, cat heads (bodies occluded), and cat bodies (heads occluded). Experiment 1b showed that chance performance was also obtained when the photographs were full-face close-ups of the cats. Experiment 2a revealed that even with gender-identification training on 30 (15 female, 15 male) of the 40 face close-ups, observers were unable to generalize their training to reliably identify the gender of the 10 remaining test faces (5 female, 5 male). However, experiment 2b showed that gender-identification training with the 14 most accurately identified faces from experiment 1b (7 female, 7 male) was successful in raising gender identification of the 10 test faces above chance. Experiments 3a and 3b extended this facilitative effect of gender-identification training to a population of animal-care workers. The findings indicate that, with appropriate training, human observers can identify the gender of cat faces at an above-chance level. A perceptual category learning account emphasizing the on-line formation of differentiated male versus female prototypes during training is offered as an explanation of the findings. 相似文献
122.
Clark N. Quinn 《Behavior research methods》1991,23(2):237-246
For researchers interested in exploring the cognitive and metacognitive processes involved in problem-solving, one obstacle has been the difficulty of creating engaging and ecologically valid situations in which to observe these skills in practice. Computer games can provide a rich environment for research on such skills. I present a HyperCard example of an adventure game that serves as an environment for research on analogy in problem-solving. The design of the game and interface is detailed, and initial results of and suggestions for extensions to this work are presented. 相似文献
123.
Rom Harré 《国际科学哲学研究》1991,5(1):49-63
Theories in physics require reference to manifolds of locations and events. Abstract versions of these manifolds, ‘space’, ‘time’ and ‘space‐time’ are frequently used as reference systems. Should they be included in the ontology of physics as well as the material manifolds from which they are abstracted? This problem can be approached through a study of the identity conditions of events. The argument is offered that neither an abstract ‘time’ of moments is viable, nor is the assumption that events are individuated by their locations necessary. Taken together these conclusions would require reinterpretation of relativity as a grammar of histories and of the Einstein—Podolski‐Rosen experiment as displaying the possibility of spatially distributed events. 相似文献
124.
The objective of this exploratory investigation was to determine the interactive effects of fixed-ratio scheduling of microwave reinforcement in tandem with changes in microwave intensity. Nine albino rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with microwave radiation while living in a Skinner (operant conditioning) Box in which the ambient temperature was about 27.13 degrees F at the beginning of the session. Each rat obtained a 6-sec. exposure of microwave radiation on a fixed-ratio schedule of MW reinforcement, the values of which varied from FR-1 to FR-30. Intensities of MW radiation were 62.5 W, 125 W, 250 W, and 437.5 W. Sessions lasted for 8 to 9 hr. over an approximate 13-mo. period. The effects of the intensity of microwave reinforcement varied as a function of the ratio value of the schedule used. Continuous reinforcement (FR-1) produced the lowest over-all rates, whereas FR-15, and FR-25 produced the highest over-all rates. Relatively higher thermal-behavior rates occurred under 62.5 W than under any of the other MW intensities for FR-1, FR-15, and FR-25, whereas FR-10 and FR-30 ratios produced intermediate rates of thermal responding which were constant for all values of MW intensity. These data are explained in terms of interactive effects between the "local" satiation or deprivation properties of the MW intensity and the ratio requirements of the schedule of MW reinforcement. 相似文献
125.
W F Vitulli J M Mott J M Quinn K L Los Kamp R S Dodson 《Perceptual and motor skills》1986,62(3):831-840
The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the extent to which microwave radiation would reinforce operant behavior in a cold environment. A reversal-design with the single subject serving as its own control was used for testing the reinforcing properties of microwaves. Six albino rats were conditioned to produce 6-sec. pulses of microwave radiation within a refrigerated environment. The schedule of reinforcement was continuous (crf). Each lever press produced a 6-sec. output of microwave radiation. The intensity of radiation was varied across blocks of sessions in the reversal design. Microwave values used were as follows: 62.5 W, 125 W, 250 W, and 437.5 W. Sessions lasted from 8 to 9 hr. over an approximate 7-mo. period. Results showed that rates of operant responding varied as a direct function of microwave intensity. Relatively high mean rates were associated with moderate microwave intensity (250 W), whereas lower mean rates of responding were associated with extreme microwave intensities (62.5 W and 437.5 W) in the reversal design. These data are explained in terms of satiation and deprivation of the reinforcing value of microwave radiation. 相似文献
126.
Three experiments are described that use dynamic visual noise (DVN) to interfere with words processed under visual and verbal processing instructions. In Experiment 1 DVN is presented to coincide with the encoding of the words or to coincide with the interval between encoding and recall. The results show that while DVN is a robust disruptor when it is applied during encoding to words processed under visual instruction, it has no effect during encoding when the words are processed under rote instruction. Moreover, DVN has no effect when it is applied during the retention interval, no matter what means are employed to encode the words. Experiment 2 extends these findings by again showing no effect of DVN during the retention interval, yet showing robust interference effects for visually processed words during recall. Finally, Experiment 3 demonstrates that the results of Experiments 1 and 2 cannot be explained by a difference in the time duration associated with application of DVN during the retention interval compared to during encoding and recall. Moreover, the differing decay functions for visually and verbally processed words during the intervals used in Experiment 3 suggest that any failure to cause interference is not because the two processing instructions resulted in words being retained in the same medium. The functions are consistent with word storage mechanisms reflecting appropriately verbal and visual properties. The results are discussed in terms of current models of visual working memory. It is argued that a full interpretation of the results requires a buffer mechanism as an important component of any model of visual working memory. 相似文献
127.
Kelly DJ Quinn PC Slater AM Lee K Gibson A Smith M Ge L Pascalis O 《Developmental science》2005,8(6):F31-F36
Adults are sensitive to the physical differences that define ethnic groups. However, the age at which we become sensitive to ethnic differences is currently unclear. Our study aimed to clarify this by testing newborns and young infants for sensitivity to ethnicity using a visual preference (VP) paradigm. While newborn infants demonstrated no spontaneous preference for faces from either their own- or other-ethnic groups, 3-month-old infants demonstrated a significant preference for faces from their own-ethnic group. These results suggest that preferential selectivity based on ethnic differences is not present in the first days of life, but is learned within the first 3 months of life. The findings imply that adults' perceptions of ethnic differences are learned and derived from differences in exposure to own- versus other-race faces during early development. 相似文献
128.
Albrecht TL Ruckdeschel JC Ray FL Pethe BJ Riddle DL Strohm J Penner LA Coovert MD Quinn G Blanchard CG 《Behavior research methods》2005,37(1):165-169
Recording and analyzing real-time interactions in clinical settings is important for basic and applied research in psychology
and other disciplines. Investigators frequently have used simple audiotaping procedures to record these encounters (e.g.,
Roter, Geller, Bernhardt, Larson, & Doksum, 1999), but videorecording is increasingly viewed as more reliable and valid, because
it captures the full range of complex and interdependent verbal and nonverbal behaviors that occur in an interaction. This
article describes a system designed to videotape clinical interactions in a manner that can be moved in and out of different
clinical rooms to preserve flexibility in its use. Data are presented to demonstrate that the system is unobtrusive during
the interaction, yet fully compatible with institutional review board guidelines to protect human participants’ privacy and
freedom to control the recording process. 相似文献
129.