A longitudinal intergenerational analysis of executive functions during early childhood

Despite the importance of executive function (EF) in both clinical and educational contexts, the aetiology of individual differences in early childhood EF remains poorly understood. This study provides the first longitudinal intergenerational analysis of mother–child EF associations during early childhood. A group of children and their mothers (n = 62) completed age‐appropriate EF tasks. Mother and child EFs were modestly correlated by 24 months of age, and this association was stable through 48 months. Importantly, maternal–child EF associations were still robust after controlling for verbal ability (potential indicator of verbal/crystallized intelligence) and maternal education (correlate of socio‐economic status and verbal intelligence). Potential implications of these findings as well as underlying mechanisms of the maternal–child EF association (gene–environment interplay) are discussed.     

Distractor inhibition is more effective at a central than at a peripheral location

The "distractor eccentricity effect" refers to the finding of reduced interference from an incompatible distractor at a central relative to a peripheral location (Chen, 2008). The present study examines the mechanism that underlies the distractor eccentricity effect, and relates it to the inattentional blindness explored by Mack and Rock (1998), which was also more marked at a foveal than at a parafoveal location. The results suggest that these two visual phenomena may reflect the same underlying mechanism--a gradient of increasing attentional suppression from the periphery to the center.     

Relations as rules: the role of attention in the Dimensional Change Card Sort task

Preschoolers are typically unable to switch sorting rules during the Dimensional Change Card Sort task. One explanation for this phenomenon is attentional inflexibility (Kirkham, Cruess, & Diamond, 2003). In 4 experiments with 3- to 4-year-olds, we tested this hypothesis by examining the influence of dimensional salience on switching performance. Results from these experiments demonstrated that it was more difficult for children to redirect attention from attribute-based rule sets, such as color and shape, than from spatial relational rule sets. Overall, these findings point to a role for attention in performance on the Dimensional Change Card Sort task.     

中西医结合临床思路浅谈--论辨证与辨病的关系

辨证与辨病是两种不同的思维方式,西医辨病又辨证,中医辨证又辨病,辨病与辨证是中医与西医都遵循的诊治过程,在临床中辩证运用中医与西医有利于中西医结合临床思路的建立     

拓扑性质知觉的大脑半球功能不对称性研究

本文以视觉的拓扑知觉理论为指导进行大脑半球功能不对称性的研究。全文共有三个实验,考察了辨别扭扑性质差异和其它几何性质差异时大脑半球的功能不对称性．拓扑性质差异包括洞（封闭性）的差异和内外关系的差异．实验结果显示：对于右利手被试,辨别拓扑性质差异时,左半球有优势。辨别距离和朝向等几何性质差异时,右半球有优势或没有统计显著的大脑半球功能不对称性。     

De l'argumentation comme métamorphose

Linguistic rhetoric and argumentative reasoning are generally identified. Certain types of problems, however, make use of non-verbal systems of representation, and, among them, image. Image is not just matter but also form, and computer processing in AI makes it possible to grasp this form by linguistic means (logico-mathematical languages). The synthesis of animated images has made it possible to represent metamorphoses, the thought of the unexpected. The fact that language produces image (and conversely) does not fail to transform the standard ways of thinking about epistemology.