The Maternal (Non) Responsiveness Questionnaire: Initial Factor Structure and Validation

The purpose of this paper was to examine the reliability, stability, and convergent and predictive validity of the newly developed Maternal Responsiveness Questionnaire (MRQ). Participants were 224 first‐time mothers. Mothers completed the MRQ when their infants were 6 and 14 months old. Convergent validity was examined in relation to mother‐reported personality, depressive symptoms, and emotion socialization practices and observed maternal sensitivity. Predictive validity was examined in relation to mother‐reported child behaviour problems and social competence, infant attachment security assessed via the Strange Situation, and observed child dysregulation. Three MRQ factors emerged based on exploratory factor analysis and were confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis: responsiveness, non‐responsiveness, and delayed responsiveness. All three scales demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and significant stability from 6 months to 14 months. Consistent evidence emerged for convergent and predictive validity of the non‐responsiveness subscale, but not the other subscales. The potential utility of the non‐responsiveness subscale of the MRQ is discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of task-irrelevant emotional information on deception

Deception has been reported to be influenced by task-relevant emotional information from an external stimulus. However, it remains unclear how task-irrelevant emotional information would influence deception. In the present study, facial expressions of different valence and emotion intensity were presented to participants, where they were asked to make either truthful or deceptive gender judgments according to the preceding cues. We observed the influence of facial expression intensity upon individuals’ cognitive cost of deceiving (mean difference of individuals’ truthful and deceptive response times). Larger cost was observed for high intensity faces compared to low intensity faces. These results provided insights on how automatic attraction of attention evoked by task-irrelevant emotional information in facial expressions influenced individuals’ cognitive cost of deceiving.     

Comparison of affective and semantic priming in different SOA

Researchers have been at odds on whether affective or semantic priming is faster or stronger. The present study selects a series of facial expression photos and words, which have definite emotional meaning or gender meaning, to set up experiment including both affective and semantic priming. The intensity of emotion and gender information in the prime as well as the strength of emotional or semantic (in gender) relationship between the prime and the target is matched. Three groups of participants are employed separately in our experiment varied with stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) as 50, 250 or 500 ms. The results show that the difference between two types of priming effect is revealed when the SOA is at 50 ms, in which the affective priming effect is presented when the prime has negative emotion. It indicates that SOA can affect the comparison between the affective and semantic priming, and the former takes the priority in the automatic processing level.     

国外关于右脑的语言功能研究的进展

对国外有关右脑语言功能的研究作了简要概述,对研究中达成的共识和存在的分歧作了初步介绍;在此基础上,对有关右脑的语言功能研究意义和趋势作了概括和预测。从而为国内相关研究提供借鉴和启示。     

The My Emotions Questionnaire: A self-report of mothers’ emotional responses to infant crying

The purpose of this article was to examine the psychometrics of the My Emotions Questionnaire, a self-report designed to assess mothers’ emotional reactions when their infants cry. Participants were 240 first-time mothers. When infants were 6 months and 1 year old, mothers completed the new questionnaire and measures assessing beliefs and behavioral responses to infant crying, and interview-based measures of mothers’ emotional reactions and causal attributions about crying were administered. Maternal sensitivity and negative behaviors were observed when infants were 6 months and 1 and 2 years old. Mothers reported on their discipline practices when children were 2 years old. Five emotion factors emerged based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the 6-month data: Amusement, Anxiety, Frustration, Sympathy, and Protective. The five-factor structure was supported via a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the 1-year data. All scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability and significant stability from 6 months to 1 year. Amusement, Frustration, and Protectiveness demonstrated the best convergent validity with cry cognitions and predictive validity to parenting measures, followed by Anxiety, although effects tended to be small to moderate. Evidence for the validity of Sympathy was less compelling. The potential utility of the questionnaire for basic and applied research is discussed.     

周代士婚礼对中国古代王室婚礼的影响

中国传统婚礼礼仪来源于儒家礼学经典著作《仪礼·士昏礼》中所反映的周代婚姻六礼,但这些礼仪是怎样影响中国古代的王室婚礼,时至今日没有任何学者对此作过全面系统的解释并得出令人信服的结论。文章运用比较研究的方法,从议婚到结婚过程中的文辞话语和仪式要素两个方面,全面深入地比较了周代士婚礼与秦汉以后部分朝代王室婚礼的共同性和差异性。就此认为,中国古代以汉族为主的历代王室婚礼的基本范式均来自于周代的士婚礼,以其他民族为主建立政权而形成的王室婚礼则具有各自的区域民族特色,从而使得中国古代的王室婚礼在总体上形成了一种具有二元结构的仪式象征符号体系。     

Delayed response, preoperative overtraining, and prefrontal lesions in the rat

An earlier study in this laboratory found that preoperative overtraining improved retention of a delayed alternation task after prefrontal lesions in the rat. In this study, however, it was found that preoperative overtraining did not improve performance of the rat in a delayed response task following prefrontal lesions. These results support the hypothesis that preoperative overtraining can improve postoperative performance only when postoperative recovery is ordinarily present, as it is with delayed alternation. but not with delayed response, in the prefrontal rat. This suggests that effects of preoperative overtraining and postoperative recovery may be mediated by similar mechanisms. It further suggests that a shift of function, which seems to account for postoperative recovery, may occur in some parts of the normal adult brain as a result of overtraining.     

周代冕服与周礼

冕服产生于等级社会,冕服是建立在奴隶主利益基础上的,是周代奴隶主贵族身份的象征。冕服的等级制度森严。冕服的产生与周礼密不可分:冕服的穿戴在不同的礼仪场合有不同的穿戴内容。冕服之上的纹样共有十二章,其内容的政治意义大于审美的欣赏意义。冕服自西周大备以来,其内容有增有减,一直为历代封建帝王所传承。对中国古代服装的发展有着深远的影响。     

Attachment,Social Support,Resilience and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Chinese Adults Living with HIV/AIDS

The present study aimed to examine the effects of attachment, social support and resilience on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in people living with HIV/AIDS. One hundred fifty-two HIV+ adults in China were investigated. The results suggested that attachment anxiety had a significant direct effect on PTSD symptoms and impacted PTSD symptoms indirectly though associations with social support and resilience. Attachment avoidance could also be considered a distal risk factor of PTSD symptoms via the mediation of social support and resilience. The findings highlight the importance of identifying trauma and PTSD symptoms in people affected by HIV/AIDS and suggest that people with attachment anxiety and low social support resources might be at high risk for PTSD.     

高校毕业生可雇佣能力的因素、结构与测量

该研究在文献理论分析、招聘广告词频分析、专家反馈、焦点团队访谈和半开放式问卷调查的基础上,编制了高校毕业生可雇佣能力问卷,并对已签订就业协议的930名高校毕业生进行了施测。探索性和验证性因素分析结果表明高校毕业生可雇佣能力是一个多层次多维度的结构,主要包括15个基本因素,分别归属于5个二阶维度和一个三阶维度,量表的信、效度指标均达到心理测量学要求。