双任务并存条件下的信息提取

将短时记忆再认与长时记忆范畴判断两类不同性质的信息提取任务相并列,探讨了双任务条件下的信息提取过程是如何进行的。实验结果表明,双任务并存时,ｎｏ反应的总平均反应时不等于两种任务单独进行时各自ｎｏ反应的平均反应时之和（减去一次视觉动作反应时后）,而是与其中一个较后完成的过程的ｎｏ反应平均反应时相近。因此推断双任务并存时,信息提取过程不是完成一个再进行另一个的系列加工过程,而是二者同时平行加工的过程。     

Hume's Internalist Epistemology in EHU 12

Much has been written about Kemp Smith's (1941) famous problem regarding the tension between Hume's naturalism and his scepticism. However, most commentators have focused their attention on the Treatise; those who address the Enquiry often take it to express essentially the same message as the Treatise. When Hume's scepticism in the Enquiry has been investigated in its own right, commentators have tended to focus on Hume's inductive scepticism in Sections 4 and 5. All in all, it seems that Section 12 has been unduly neglected. This paper seeks to address Kemp Smith's problem from the standpoint of Hume's treatment of scepticism in EHU 12, and finds an interesting internalist account that makes sense both of Hume's discussion in EHU 12, and his aims in the Enquiry as a whole. Moreover, it is one that is of substantive philosophical interest, having intriguing parallels to contemporary epistemological accounts.     

The development of morphological representations in young readers: a cross‐modal priming study

The way children organize words in their memory has intrigued many researchers in the past 20 years. Given the large number of morphologically complex words in many languages, the influence of morphemes on this organization is being increasingly examined. The aim of this study was to understand how morphemic information influences English‐speaking children's word recognition. Children in grades 3 and 5 were asked to complete a lexical decision priming task. Prime‐target pairs varied in semantic similarity, with low (e.g., belly‐bell), moderate (e.g., lately‐late), and high similarity relations (e.g., boldly‐bold). There were also word pairs similar in form only (e.g., spinach‐spin) and in semantics only (e.g., garbage‐trash). Primes were auditory and targets were presented visually. Analyses of children's lexical decision times revealed graded priming effects as a function of the convergence of form and meaning. These results indicate that developing readers do not necessarily need to lexicalize morphological units to facilitate word recognition. Their ability to process the morphological structure of words depends on their ability to develop connections between form and meaning.     

三种方法论与心理治疗

心理治疗不仅作为心理学的一个分支与心理学密切相关,而且因其实践性强又与社会科学有着密切的联系。故在一般意义上,分别阐述社会科学领域中的三种方法论,即客观主义、后结构主义和一般系统论对心理治疗的影响,及其各自的优点和局限。     

内隐自尊与外显自尊对自我妨碍的影响

采用实验和问卷法研究了内隐自尊与外显自尊对自我妨碍的影响。结果表明：内隐自尊和外显自尊对自我妨碍有不同的影响。内隐自尊对行动式自我妨碍和自陈式自我妨碍均有影响,外显自尊与性别在自陈式自我妨碍上有显着的交互作用,高外显自尊的男生更倾向于做自陈式自我妨碍。     

Estimating valence from the sound of a word: Computational,experimental, and cross-linguistic evidence

It is assumed linguistic symbols must be grounded in perceptual information to attain meaning, because the sound of a word in a language has an arbitrary relation with its referent. This paper demonstrates that a strong arbitrariness claim should be reconsidered. In a computational study, we showed that one phonological feature (nasals in the beginning of a word) predicted negative valence in three European languages (English, Dutch, and German) and positive valence in Chinese. In three experiments, we tested whether participants used this feature in estimating the valence of a word. In Experiment 1, Chinese and Dutch participants rated the valence of written valence-neutral words, with Chinese participants rating the nasal-first neutral-valence words more positive and the Dutch participants rating nasal-first neutral-valence words more negative. In Experiment 2, Chinese (and Dutch) participants rated the valence of Dutch (and Chinese) written valence-neutral words without being able to understand the meaning of these words. The patterns replicated the valence patterns from Experiment 1. When the written words from Experiment 2 were transformed into spoken words, results in Experiment 3 again showed that participants estimated the valence of words on the basis of the sound of the word. The computational study and psycholinguistic experiments indicated that language users can bootstrap meaning from the sound of a word.     

网络人际交往对中国人际关系模式的影响

互联网的发展已经远远超出了其作为信息传递和信息共享工具的功能,正在对人们的工作、娱乐、交往、消费、学习等产生越来越大的影响,其所具有的不同于现实人际交往的物理环境的独特特征,为现实生活中的人们提供了一个全新的交往空间,似乎将瓦解现实社会生活中基于面对面的人际交往而形成的人际关系模式。但当互联网所营造的虚拟交往空间仅仅被人们当成扩大交往对象和社会关系圈的工具时,其对现实人际关系模式可能产生的根本性影响却值得质疑。     

视知觉学习的认知与神经机制研究

知觉学习是指由于训练或经验而引起的长期稳定的知觉变化,是一种内隐性的学习。近20年来,视知觉学习的大量研究结果提示大脑皮层的各个区域,甚至包括初级感觉皮层,在成熟之后仍然具有一定的可塑性。该文根据近年来的研究进展,对视知觉学习在大脑的什么地方,什么时候,以何种方式发生等热点问题进行了探讨。研究提示,视知觉学习涉及了包括初级视皮层在内的多个大脑皮层,并且存在一种自上而下的调控机制;视知觉学习可以在不同的时间尺度上发生,快速学习之后将伴随着慢速学习;通过视知觉学习,人们对于复杂物体的表征将从高级皮层区域移向低级皮层区域,任务执行也将趋于自动化     

中国少数民族婚礼驱邪仪式中的象征符号

本文从宗教象征的角度,对中国少数民族婚礼驱邪仪式中的器物符号和行为符号作了初步的分析,认为这些象征符号包含着十分丰富的文化意义,反映了人们消灾避祸的的心理状态,这种特定的民间信仰起着消解人们忧虑情绪,增强新婚夫妻和男女双方亲属自信心的社会功能。     

理论、实验与应用有机结合——读《认知心理学——理论、实验和应用》

认知心理学为当代心理科学提供了全新的范式和研究取向,使心理学发生了深刻的变革,是高校心理学专业重要的基础课程,其教学及教材建设受到各高校的极大重视。《认知心理学——理论、实验和应用》教材就格外引人注目。综观全书,它具有以下特色:第一,重视介绍应用研究;第二,理论阐述与实验介绍有机结合;第三,内容丰富,而且精选得当;第四,体系合理,结构严谨,体例规范;第五,语言通俗易懂,文字流畅,思路清楚,可读性强。