Is There Any Good Reason to Say Goodbye to “Ethnomethodology”?

This paper is an essay about Harold Garfinkel??s heritage. It outlines a response to Eric Livingston??s proposal to say goodbye to ethnomethodology as pertaining to the sociological tradition; and it rejects part of Melvin Pollner??s diagnosis about the changes occurred in ethnomethodological working. If it agrees with Pollner about the idea that something of the initial ethnomethodology??s program has been left aside after the ??work studies?? turn, it asserts that such a turn has nonetheless made possible authentic discoveries. So the paper speaks for a better integration of the two versions of ethnomethodology separated by Pollner.     

自我损耗对工作记忆的影响及其克服

实验1考察了自我损耗对工作记忆的影响。40名6年级小学生被随机分配到实验组和控制组,分别完成损耗任务和非损耗任务。结果发现,与控制组相比,实验组被试的工作记忆容量明显降低。实验2考察积极情绪能否克服自我损耗对工作记忆的负面影响。40名6年级小学生参加了实验。在完成损耗任务后,采用自传式回忆的方法诱发实验组的积极情绪。结果发现,诱发被试的积极情绪体验,能够克服自我损耗对于工作记忆的消极影响。     

Shear band evolution during large plastic deformation of brittle and ductile metallic glasses

Four monolithic metallic glasses (MMGs) with different plasticities varying from brittle to ductile behavior under unconstrained loading were subjected to small punch testing. All specimens undergo large plastic deformation with multiple cobweb-like shear bands under these conditions. The process of shear band evolution was carefully controlled and investigated. Plasticity of MMGs is characterized by equivalent plastic strain ε* (product of shear band density and critical shear offset). Thus, this article provides an experimental basis for a better understanding of the shear band evolution during plastic deformation of MMGs.     

Friction and wear behaviour of Inconel 718 alloy fabricated by selective laser melting after heat treatments

ABSTRACT

The effect of heat treatments (solution and double aging) on friction and wear behaviour of Inconel 718 (IN718) alloy fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) were studied. After heat treatment of solution and double aging, the friction and wear of the alloy have been improved. The worn surfaces of heat-treated IN718 alloy became smoother, and micro-ploughing became shallower. After solid solution hearting, a portion of the Laves phase ((Ni, Fe, Co)₂(Nb, Ti, Mo)) dissolves into the matrix, after which the γ″ phase (Ni₃Nb) andthe equilibrium phase of the δ phase (Ni₃Nb) precipitates during double ageing. After solution and double aging, nano-scale γ′ (Ni₃(Al, Ti)) and γ″ phases distribute homogeneously in the matrix, which improves the material hardness and wear resistance of the SLMed IN718 alloy.     

Attachment, Acculturation and GHQ-30 of Chinese Students in Japan

This study examines how attachment and acculturation are associated with the general mental health of Chinese students in Japan. The participants were 194 Chinese students living in Japan, who were asked to complete a set of self-reported measures. The results showed that attachment anxiety predicted all subscales of general mental health, and attachment avoidance and acculturation predicted some aspects of general mental health. In addition, the number of years of residence in Japan was also found to be associated with the general mental health. The findings help improving intercultural communication between Asian countries as well as to facilitate clinical intervention and prevention.     

员工谏言的影响作用探究

选取314对公司员工-上司配对被试作为研究对象,采取问卷调查的方法,探讨员工谏言行为对工作结果变量(工作绩效、工作满意度、组织承诺)是否有积极的影响作用。分析结果表明,员工谏言行为对工作绩效和工作满意度有显著正向预测作用,而对组织承诺没有显著作用;与组织公民行为进行比较分析的结果显示员工谏言行为能更好地预测工作绩效,而组织公民行为是更为宽泛的概念,对工作绩效、工作满意度、组织承诺都有一定的预测作用。     

文本阅读理解中精加工推理及错误记忆探讨

以说明文为阅读文本,通过使用累计窗口技术、自定步调的阅读时间法和句子核证法,结合一般世界知识的激活考察了文本阅读理解中精加工推理和错误记忆现象。实验1结果表明,被试在文本阅读理解中产生了精加工推理,内涵推理成绩显著高于外延推理;与文本信息密切相关的一般世界知识容易被激活。实验2结果表明,文本阅读中存在错误记忆现象;错误记忆随着一般世界知识与原文关联程度增强而增加。结论文本阅读理解中存在精加工推理和错误记忆现象,二者均与一般世界知识的激活有关;文本阅读中的错误记忆与DRM范式（Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm）中的错误记忆一样具有顽固性。     

飞行学员自我妨碍倾向与竞技应对方式研究

以206名飞行学员为被试,采用问卷法对自我妨碍倾向与竞技状态下应对方式的关系进行研究。结果表明:(1)自我妨碍倾向与想象、努力付出等积极应对方式呈负相关关系,与情绪发泄、疏远、分散注意和放弃等消极应对方式呈正相关关系。(2)低自我妨碍倾向的飞行学员更多地使用想象、努力付出和逻辑分析等积极的应对方式;高自我妨碍倾向的飞行学员更多地使用情绪发泄、疏远、分散注意和放弃等消极的应对方式。     

学生对教学调节策略的公平知觉

以141名中小学生为被试,采用访谈法和问卷法研究学生对教学调节策略的公平知觉及其公平观念。结果表明：(1)学生对教学调节策略的公平知觉存在差异．同伴辅导是学生认为最公平的教学调节策略,其次是丰富。高中生与初中生和小学生对加速和等待两种教学调节策略的公平知觉存在差异。(2)学生的公平观念存在年级差异,公平知觉与公平观念有关。     

项目的激活强度与元记忆判断

本实验采用不同于国外由Ｈａｒｔ首创的ＦＯＫ（Ｆｅｅｌｌｉｎｇ－ｏｆ－Ｋｎｏｗｉｎｇ）研究方法的新方法──模糊再认判断法（Ｆｕｚｚｙ－Ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎｊｕｄｇｅｍｅｎｔ,简称ＦＲ）来研究无记忆判断及其产生机制．实验中安排了范畴判断与字词识记相结合,造成四种不同激活强度的字词,让被试对其进行ＦＲ判断,并用迫选再认作为标准测验进行验证．结果表明,范畴判断的语义激活增强了字词的激活强度,从而影响ＦＲ判断的等级．识记项目的激活强度愈高,相应的ＦＲ判断等级也愈高．